Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

Theta burst stimulation on the fronto-cerebellar connective network promotes cognitive processing speed in the simple cognitive task 对前小脑连接网络的θ脉冲刺激可提高简单认知任务中的认知处理速度

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1387299

Ning Zhao, Jing Tao, Clive Wong, Jing-song Wu, Jiao Liu, Li-dian Chen, Tatia M. C. Lee, Yanwen Xu, Chetwyn C. H. Chan

BackgroundThe fronto-cerebellar functional network has been proposed to subserve cognitive processing speed. This study aims to elucidate how the long-range frontal-to-cerebellar effective connectivity contributes to faster speed.MethodsIn total, 60 healthy participants were randomly allocated to three five-daily sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation conditions, namely intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS, excitatory), continuous theta-burst stimulation (CTBS, inhibitory), or a sham condition. The sites of the stimulations were the right pre-supplementary motor area (RpSMA), medial cerebellar vermis VI (MCV6), and vertex, respectively. Performances in two reaction time tasks were recorded at different time points.ResultsPost-stimulation speeds revealed marginal decreases in the simple but not complex task. Nevertheless, participants in the excitatory RpSMA and inhibitory MCV6 conditions showed direct and negative path effects on faster speeds compared to the sham condition in the simple reaction time (SRT) task (β = −0.320, p = 0.045 and β = −0.414, p = 0.007, respectively). These path effects were not observed in the SDMT task.DiscussionRpSMA and MCV6 were involved in promoting the path effects of faster reaction times on simple cognitive task. This study offers further evidence to support their roles within the long-range frontal-to-cerebellar connectivity subserving cognitive processing speed. The enhancement effects, however, are likely limited to simple rather than complex mental operations.

背景前额-小脑功能网络被认为是认知处理速度的辅助网络。本研究旨在阐明长程额叶-小脑有效连接如何有助于提高速度。方法：60 名健康参与者被随机分配到三种经颅磁刺激条件下，即间歇θ-脉冲刺激（iTBS，兴奋性）、连续θ-脉冲刺激（CTBS，抑制性）或假刺激条件下，每天三次，每次五次。刺激部位分别为右侧补充运动前区（RpSMA）、小脑内侧蚓部VI（MCV6）和顶点。结果刺激后，简单任务的速度略有下降，复杂任务的速度则没有下降。然而，在简单反应时间（SRT）任务中，兴奋性 RpSMA 和抑制性 MCV6 条件下的参与者与假条件下的参与者相比，在速度更快方面表现出直接的负路径效应（分别为 β = -0.320，p = 0.045 和 β = -0.414，p = 0.007）。讨论RpSMA和MCV6参与了促进简单认知任务中更快反应时间的路径效应。这项研究提供了进一步的证据来支持它们在长程额叶到小脑连接中为认知处理速度服务的作用。不过，这种增强效应可能仅限于简单而非复杂的心理操作。

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引用次数: 0

Neuromuscular impairments of cerebral palsy: contributions to gait abnormalities and implications for treatment 大脑性麻痹的神经肌肉损伤：步态异常的原因及对治疗的影响

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1445793

Kylie Clewes, Claire Hammond, Yiwen Dong, Mary Meyer, Evan Lowe, Jessica Rose

Identification of neuromuscular impairments in cerebral palsy (CP) is essential to providing effective treatment. However, clinical recognition of neuromuscular impairments in CP and their contribution to gait abnormalities is limited, resulting in suboptimal treatment outcomes. While CP is the most common childhood movement disorder, clinical evaluations often do not accurately identify and delineate the primary neuromuscular and secondary musculoskeletal impairments or their specific impact on mobility. Here we discuss the primary neuromuscular impairments of CP that arise from early brain injury and the progressive secondary musculoskeletal impairments, with a focus on spastic CP, the most common form of CP. Spastic CP is characterized by four primary interrelated neuromuscular impairments: 1. muscle weakness, 2. short muscle-tendon units due to slow muscle growth relative to skeletal growth, 3. muscle spasticity characterized by increased sensitivity to stretch, and 4. impaired selective motor control including flexor and extensor muscle synergies. Specific gait events are affected by the four primary neuromuscular impairments of spastic CP and their delineation can improve evaluation to guide targeted treatment, prevent deformities and improve mobility. Emerging information on neural correlates of neuromuscular impairments in CP provides the clinician with a more complete context with which to evaluate and develop effective treatment plans. Specifically, addressing the primary neuromuscular impairments and reducing secondary musculoskeletal impairments are important treatment goals. This perspective on neuromuscular mechanisms underlying gait abnormalities in spastic CP aims to inform clinical evaluation of CP, focus treatment more strategically, and guide research priorities to provide targeted treatments for CP.

识别脑性瘫痪（CP）患者的神经肌肉损伤对于提供有效治疗至关重要。然而，临床上对 CP 神经肌肉损伤及其对步态异常的影响认识有限，导致治疗效果不理想。虽然 CP 是最常见的儿童运动障碍，但临床评估往往不能准确识别和划分主要的神经肌肉损伤和继发性肌肉骨骼损伤，或它们对活动能力的具体影响。在此，我们将讨论由早期脑损伤引起的原发性神经肌肉损伤和渐进性继发性肌肉骨骼损伤，并重点讨论痉挛性脊柱侧索硬化症这种最常见的脊柱侧索硬化症。痉挛型脊髓灰质炎主要有四种相互关联的神经肌肉损伤：1.肌无力；2.肌肉生长相对于骨骼生长缓慢，导致肌肉肌腱单位短；3.肌肉痉挛，表现为对拉伸的敏感性增加；4.选择性运动控制受损，包括屈肌和伸肌的协同作用。特定的步态事件会受到痉挛性脊柱侧弯症的四种主要神经肌肉损伤的影响，对这些损伤的界定可以改善评估，从而指导有针对性的治疗、预防畸形和改善活动能力。有关脊髓灰质炎神经肌肉损伤神经相关性的新信息为临床医生提供了更全面的评估背景，并据此制定有效的治疗方案。具体来说，解决原发性神经肌肉损伤和减少继发性肌肉骨骼损伤是重要的治疗目标。从神经肌肉机制的角度研究痉挛性脊柱侧弯症的步态异常，旨在为脊柱侧弯症的临床评估提供依据，使治疗更具战略性，并指导研究重点，为脊柱侧弯症提供有针对性的治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive potency and safety of tDCS treatment for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. tDCS 治疗重度抑郁障碍的认知效力和安全性：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1458295

Junjie Wang, Xinru Yao, Yuqi Ji, Hong Li

Background: The benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for patients with major depression disorders are well-established, however, there is a notable research gap concerning its comprehensive effects on both depressive symptoms and cognitive functions. Existing research is inconclusive regarding the cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS specifically in MDD patients. The present study aims to fill this knowledge gap by scrutinizing the most updated evidence on the effectiveness of tDCS in anti-depressive treatment and its influence on cognitive function.

Methods: A systematic review was performed from the first date available in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and additional sources published in English from 1 January 2001 to 31 May 2023. We examined cognitive outcomes from randomized, sham-controlled trials of tDCS treatment for major depression. The evaluation process strictly followed the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool into the literature, and meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane System Reviewer's Manual.

Results: In this quantitative synthesis, we incorporated data from a total of 371 patients across 12 studies. Results showed significant benefits following active tDCS compared to sham for the antidepressant effect [SMD: -0.77 (-1.44, -0.11)]. Furthermore, active relative to sham tDCS treatment was associated with increased performance gains on a measure of verbal memory [SMD: 0.30 (-0.02, 0.62)]. These results did not indicate any cognitive enhancement after active tDCS relative to sham for global cognitive function, whereas there was a noticeable trend toward statistical significance specifically in the effect of verbal memory.

Conclusions: Our study offers crucial evidence-based medical support for tDCS in antidepressant and dimension-specific cognitive benefits. Further well-designed, large-scale randomized sham-controlled trials are warranted to further validate these findings.

Systematic review registration: https://inplasy.com/, identifier: INPLASY202360008.

背景：经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对重度抑郁症患者的益处已得到证实，但在其对抑郁症状和认知功能的综合影响方面还存在明显的研究空白。现有研究对 tDCS 增强 MDD 患者认知功能的效果尚无定论。本研究旨在通过仔细研究 tDCS 在抗抑郁治疗中的有效性及其对认知功能影响的最新证据，填补这一知识空白：方法：我们对 2001 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 5 月 31 日期间在 PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane 图书馆及其他来源发表的英文文献进行了系统性回顾。我们研究了 tDCS 治疗重度抑郁症的随机假对照试验的认知结果。评估过程严格遵循 Cochrane 文献偏倚风险评估工具，并根据《Cochrane 系统审稿人手册》进行荟萃分析：在这项定量综述中，我们纳入了 12 项研究中 371 名患者的数据。结果表明，在抗抑郁效果方面，主动 tDCS 与假性 tDCS 相比具有明显优势[SMD：-0.77 (-1.44, -0.11)]。此外，相对于假tDCS治疗，主动tDCS治疗与言语记忆能力的提高有关[SMD：0.30 (-0.02, 0.62)]。这些结果表明，相对于假性治疗，积极的tDCS治疗并没有增强患者的整体认知功能，而在言语记忆的影响方面，则出现了明显的统计学意义趋势：我们的研究为 tDCS 在抗抑郁和特定维度认知方面的益处提供了重要的循证医学支持。有必要进一步开展设计良好的大规模随机假对照试验，以进一步验证这些发现。系统综述注册：https://inplasy.com/，标识符：inplasy202360008：inplasy202360008。

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引用次数: 0

Detecting fatigue in multiple sclerosis through automatic speech analysis 通过自动语音分析检测多发性硬化症患者的疲劳状况

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1449388

Marcelo Dias, Felix Dörr, Susett Garthof, Simona Schäfer, Julia Elmers, Louisa Schwed, Nicklas Linz, James Overell, Helen Hayward-Koennecke, Johannes Tröger, Alexandra König, Anja Dillenseger, Björn Tackenberg, Tjalf Ziemssen

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease characterized by central nervous system demyelination and axonal degeneration. Fatigue affects a major portion of MS patients, significantly impairing their daily activities and quality of life. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms underlying fatigue in MS are poorly understood, and measuring fatigue remains a challenging task. This study evaluates the efficacy of automated speech analysis in detecting fatigue in MS patients. MS patients underwent a detailed clinical assessment and performed a comprehensive speech protocol. Using features from three different free speech tasks and a proprietary cognition score, our support vector machine model achieved an AUC on the ROC of 0.74 in detecting fatigue. Using only free speech features evoked from a picture description task we obtained an AUC of 0.68. This indicates that specific free speech patterns can be useful in detecting fatigue. Moreover, cognitive fatigue was significantly associated with lower speech ratio in free speech (ρ = −0.283, p = 0.001), suggesting that it may represent a specific marker of fatigue in MS patients. Together, our results show that automated speech analysis, of a single narrative free speech task, offers an objective, ecologically valid and low-burden method for fatigue assessment. Speech analysis tools offer promising potential applications in clinical practice for improving disease monitoring and management.

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种以中枢神经系统脱髓鞘和轴突变性为特征的慢性神经炎症性疾病。疲劳影响着大部分多发性硬化症患者，严重损害他们的日常活动和生活质量。尽管疲劳在多发性硬化症中很普遍，但人们对其发病机制却知之甚少，疲劳的测量仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。本研究评估了自动语音分析在检测多发性硬化症患者疲劳方面的功效。多发性硬化症患者接受了详细的临床评估，并进行了全面的语音测试。我们的支持向量机模型使用了三种不同的自由言语任务特征和专有的认知评分，在检测疲劳方面的 ROC AUC 达到了 0.74。仅使用图片描述任务中的自由言语特征，我们的 AUC 为 0.68。这表明，特定的自由言语模式可用于检测疲劳。此外，认知疲劳与自由言语中较低的语音比率有显著关联（ρ = -0.283，p = 0.001），这表明它可能代表了多发性硬化症患者疲劳的一个特定标记。总之，我们的研究结果表明，对单个叙述性自由言语任务的自动语音分析为疲劳评估提供了一种客观、生态有效和低负担的方法。语音分析工具有望应用于临床实践，改善疾病监测和管理。

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引用次数: 0

A brief historic overview of sexual and gender diversity in neuroscience: past, present, and future. 神经科学中性与性别多样性的历史概述：过去、现在和未来。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1414396

Jhon Alexander Moreno, Riccardo Manca, Lucas Albrechet-Souza, Juan A Nel, Ioannis Spantidakis, Zindi Venter, Robert-Paul Juster

引用次数: 0

Dedicated comparatives aid comparisons of magnitude: a study with Pitjantjatjara-English bilinguals 专用比较词有助于大小比较：对皮特扬贾特贾拉语-英语双语者的研究

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1418797

Luke Greenacre, Rebecca Defina, Skye Akbar, Jair E. Garcia

When expressing comparisons of magnitude, Pitjantjatjara, a language indigenous to the land now known as Australia, employs contextually driven comparators (e.g., Anyupa is tall. Uma is short) rather than a dedicated morphological or syntactic comparative construction (e.g., Anyupa is taller than Uma). Pitjantjatjara also has a small number of lexicalized numerals, employing ‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’, then ‘many’. It is hypothesized that having dedicated comparatives in language and elaborated number systems aid comparisons of magnitudes. Fluent Pitjantjatjara-English bilinguals participated in tasks assessing their accuracy and reaction times when comparing two types of magnitude: numerosity (quantities of dots), and extent (line lengths). They repeated the comparisons in both languages on different days, allowing for the effect of language being spoken on responses to be assessed. No differences were found for numerosity; however, participants were less accurate when making comparisons of extent using Pitjantjatjara. Accuracy when using Pitjantjatjara decreased as the magnitude of the comparison increased and as differences between the comparators decreased. This result suggests a potential influence of linguistic comparison strategy on comparison behavior.

Pitjantjatjara 是现在被称为澳大利亚的一种土著语言，在表达大小比较时，它使用上下文驱动的比较器（例如，Anyupa 很高。 Uma 很矮），而不是专门的形态或句法比较结构（例如，Anyupa 比 Uma 高）。Pitjantjatjara 也有少量词汇化的数字，包括 "一"、"二"、"三 "和 "多"。据推测，在语言中使用专门的比较词和精心设计的数字系统有助于大小比较。流利的皮特扬贾特雅拉语-英语双语者参加了一项任务，评估他们在比较两种大小时的准确性和反应时间：数字（点的数量）和范围（线的长度）。他们在不同的日子用两种语言重复进行比较，以便评估语言对反应的影响。结果发现，两种语言在数字方面没有差异；但是，在使用皮特扬贾特拉语进行范围比较时，参与者的准确性较低。使用皮特扬贾特哈拉语进行比较时，准确性随着比较程度的增加和比较对象之间差异的减少而降低。这一结果表明了语言比较策略对比较行为的潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of laryngeal contrasts in non-native English clear speech: a comparison between L2-immersed sequential bilinguals and L1-immersed speakers 非母语英语清晰语音中喉音对比的增强：L2-浸润型连续双语者与 L1-浸润型说话者之间的比较

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1413886

Ye Jee Jung, Olga Dmitrieva

Clear speech, a speaking style used to mitigate communicative circumstances affecting the transmission or decoding of speech signal, often involves the enhancement of language-specific phonological contrasts, including laryngeal contrasts. This study investigates the role of language dominance in the implementation of language-specific laryngeal contrasts in L2 clear speech. Two groups of Korean-English speakers (L1 Korean) were tested: a relatively less Korean-dominant L2-immersed group of sequential bilinguals (N = 30) and a strongly Korean-dominant L1-immersed group (N = 30), with dominance assessed based on the results of the Bilingual Language Profile. Participants read a set of English minimal pairs differing in the voicing of word-initial stops (e.g., tab vs. dab), and their acoustic enhancement strategies were compared with those of native English speakers (N = 20). As correlates of the English laryngeal contrast, voice onset time (VOT) and onset f0 were measured. Results showed that both bilingual groups enhanced English laryngeal contrast in clear speech via voiceless VOT lengthening, similarly to native English speakers, but to a smaller extent than native speakers. Both bilingual groups also implemented a greater degree of onset f0 difference between voiced and voiced English stops than native English speakers did, although no enhancement of this parameter was observed in their clear speech. Surprisingly, no significant differences were found between L2- and L1-immersed speakers, suggesting a lack of language immersion effect on the acoustic enhancement strategies in L2 clear speech. We discuss possible explanations for this finding and propose directions for future research.

清晰语音是一种用于缓解影响语音信号传输或解码的交际环境的说话方式，通常涉及增强语言特定的语音对比，包括喉音对比。本研究探讨了语言优势在第二语言清晰语音中实施特定语言喉音对比中的作用。我们测试了两组说韩语-英语（第一语言为韩语）的人：一组是韩语主导程度相对较低的 L2-浸入型连续双语者（30 人），另一组是韩语主导程度较高的 L1-浸入型连续双语者（30 人）。受试者阅读了一组单词开头停顿发声不同的英语最小对（如 tab 与 dab），并将他们的声学增强策略与英语母语者（N = 20）的声学增强策略进行了比较。作为英语喉音对比的相关因素，测量了语音起始时间（VOT）和起始 f0。结果显示，两组双语者都通过延长无声 VOT 来增强清晰语音中的英语喉部对比度，这一点与英语母语者相似，但程度小于英语母语者。与以英语为母语的人相比，两组双语者在有声英语停顿和有声英语停顿之间的起始 f0 差异程度也更大，尽管在他们的清晰语音中没有观察到这一参数的增强。令人惊讶的是，在 L2 和 L1 浸入型说话者之间没有发现明显的差异，这表明语言浸入对 L2 清晰语音中的声学增强策略没有影响。我们讨论了这一发现的可能原因，并提出了今后的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Electrically evoked late latency response using single electrode stimulation and its relation to speech perception among paediatric cochlear implant users 使用单电极刺激的电诱发晚期潜伏反应及其与小儿人工耳蜗使用者言语感知的关系

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1441854

Palani Saravanan, Neelamegarajan Devi, Chinnaraj Geetha

IntroductionAided auditory late latency response (LLR) serves as an objective tool for evaluating auditory cortical maturation following cochlear implantation in children. While aided LLR is commonly measured using sound-field acoustic stimulation, recording electrically evoked LLR (eLLR) offer distinct advantages, such as improved stimulus control and the capability for single electrode stimulation. Hence, the study aimed to compare eLLR responses with single electrode stimulation in the apical, middle, and basal regions and to evaluate their relationship with speech perception in paediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients.MethodeLLR responses with single electrode stimulation were measured in 27 paediatric unilateral CI users with an active recording electrode placed at Cz. The stimuli consisted of 36 msec biphasic pulse trains presented across three electrode sites (apical-E20, middle-E11, and basal-E03). eLLR responses were compared across these electrode sites, and the relationship between speech recognition scores in quiet and age at implantation with eLLR components was evaluated.ResultseLLR responses were detected in 77 out of 81 tested electrodes of all participants combined (27 for apical, 26 for middle, and 24 for basal stimulation). There were no significant differences in P1, N1 latencies and P1 amplitude across electrode site. However, significantly larger N1 and P1-N1 amplitudes were observed for apical stimulations compared to basal stimulations. No differences in N1 amplitude were found between middle and apical stimulations, and the P1-N1 amplitude was significantly larger for middle compared to basal electrode stimulation, with no difference between the apical and middle electrodes stimulation. A moderate positive correlation was present between speech recognition scores in quiet and both N1, P1-N1 amplitudes for apical stimulation. Age at implantation was negatively correlated with N1 amplitude for the apical and P1-N1 amplitude for basal stimulation.DiscussioneLLR responses could be elicited in majority of paediatric CI users across electrode sites. Variations in eLLR responses across electrode sites suggest disparities in auditory cortical maturation. The findings underscore the significance of the N1 biomarker in evaluating higher-order auditory cortical development. Therefore, utilizing eLLR with single electrode stimulation may serve as a valuable tool for assessing post-cochlear implantation maturational changes in paediatric populations.

引言辅助听觉晚期潜伏反应（LLR）是评估儿童人工耳蜗植入后听觉皮质成熟度的客观工具。虽然辅助 LLR 通常使用声场声学刺激进行测量，但记录电诱发 LLR（eLLR）具有明显的优势，如更好的刺激控制和单电极刺激能力。因此，本研究旨在比较单电极刺激在耳尖、中间和基底区域产生的电诱发 LLR 反应，并评估它们与小儿人工耳蜗（CI）植入者的言语感知之间的关系。对这些电极部位的 eLLR 反应进行了比较，并评估了安静状态下的语音识别分数和植入年龄与 eLLR 成分之间的关系。结果在所有参与者的 81 个测试电极中，有 77 个电极检测到了 eLLR 反应（其中 27 个电极检测到了耳尖反应，26 个电极检测到了中间反应，24 个电极检测到了基底反应）。不同电极部位的 P1、N1 延迟和 P1 振幅无明显差异。然而，与基底刺激相比，在心尖刺激下观察到的 N1 和 P1-N1 振幅明显更大。中间电极和根尖电极刺激的 N1 振幅没有差异，中间电极刺激的 P1-N1 振幅明显大于基底电极刺激的 P1-N1 振幅，根尖电极和中间电极刺激的 P1-N1 振幅没有差异。安静时的语音识别得分与心尖刺激时的 N1、P1-N1 振幅之间存在中等程度的正相关。植入年龄与根尖刺激的 N1 振幅和基底刺激的 P1-N1 振幅呈负相关。不同电极部位 eLLR 反应的差异表明听觉皮层的成熟度存在差异。这些发现强调了 N1 生物标记在评估高阶听觉皮层发育方面的重要性。因此，利用单电极刺激的 eLLR 可作为评估儿童人工耳蜗植入后成熟变化的重要工具。

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引用次数: 0

Task-dependent neuromuscular adaptations in low back pain: a controlled experimental study 腰背痛的任务依赖性神经肌肉适应性：对照实验研究

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1459711

Julien Ducas, Emile Marineau, Jacques Abboud

IntroductionThis study investigated the variability in lumbar neuromuscular adaptations to pain, the task dependency of pain adaptations and the effect of these adaptations on motor performance.MethodsTwenty-four healthy participants performed isometric back extension contractions at 45° and 90° trunk flexion under pain-free and experimental low back pain conditions induced by electrical stimulation. High-density surface electromyography recorded lumbar muscle activation strategies, and force steadiness was measured using a load cell.ResultsWhile considerable variability in neuromuscular adaptations to lumbar pain was observed among participants, consistent patterns were found between tasks. In the 90° trunk flexion position, both sides exhibited greater magnitudes of pain adaptations for muscle activity redistribution in the mediolateral axis (p < 0.05, 86% increase) and muscle activity amplitude (p < 0.001, 183% increase) compared to the 45° trunk flexion position. A significant negative correlation was found between the magnitude of the mediolateral spatial redistribution of muscle activity and force steadiness on the left side (p = 0.045).DiscussionThese findings highlight the intricate and task-dependent nature of neuromuscular adaptations to pain within lumbar muscles, and points toward a potential trade-off between pain adaptations and performance.

方法24 名健康参与者在无痛和由电刺激诱发的实验性腰痛条件下进行了躯干屈曲 45° 和 90° 的等长背伸收缩。高密度表面肌电图记录了腰部肌肉激活策略，并使用称重传感器测量了力的稳定性。结果虽然观察到参与者的神经肌肉对腰痛的适应性存在很大差异，但在不同任务之间发现了一致的模式。在躯干屈曲 90° 位置时，与躯干屈曲 45° 位置相比，两侧肌肉在内侧轴肌肉活动再分布（p &;lt;0.05，增加 86%）和肌肉活动振幅（p &;lt;0.001，增加 183%）方面的疼痛适应幅度更大。这些研究结果突显了腰部肌肉神经肌肉对疼痛的适应性的复杂性和任务依赖性，并指出疼痛适应性和表现之间存在潜在的权衡。

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引用次数: 0

The corpus callosum and creativity revisited 重新审视胼胝体与创造力

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1443970

Warren S. Brown, Lynn K. Paul

In 1969 Joseph Bogen, a colleague of Roger Sperry and the neurosurgeon who performed commissurotomy on Sperry’s “split-brain” study participants, wrote an article subtitled “The Corpus Callosum and Creativity.” The article argued for the critical role of the corpus callosum and hemispheric specialization in creativity. Building on a four-stage model of creativity (learning, incubation, illumination, refinement) and Sperry’s innovative studies, the Bogens posited that in the intact brain, creativity relies on two opposing functions of the corpus callosum: (a) interhemispheric inhibition to facilitate simultaneous and independent activity of uniquely-specialized processing centers during learning and incubation and (b) interhemispheric facilitation to support the increased bi-hemispheric integration and coordination which produces illumination. This article revisits the Bogens’ theory considering scientific discoveries over the past 50 years. We begin by reviewing relevant findings from split-brain studies, and then briefly consider findings from studies that examine the association of creativity with callosal structure and function in neurotypical participants. Finally, we provide an in-depth discussion of creativity in persons with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC)—the congenital absence of the corpus callosum. These three lines of inquiry strongly support the theory suggested by Bogen and Bogen in 1969 and provide further clarification regarding the critical and unique role of the corpus callosum in creative cognition.

1969年，罗杰-斯佩里的同事、曾为斯佩里的 "分裂脑 "研究参与者实施胼胝体切除术的神经外科医生约瑟夫-博根撰写了一篇文章，副标题为 "胼胝体与创造力"。文章论证了胼胝体和大脑半球特化在创造力中的关键作用。基于创造力的四个阶段模型（学习、孵化、启发、完善）和斯佩里的创新研究，博根夫妇提出，在完整的大脑中，创造力依赖于胼胝体的两种对立功能：（a）半球间抑制，以促进学习和孵化期间独特专业化处理中心的同时和独立活动；（b）半球间促进，以支持产生启发的双半球整合和协调的增强。考虑到过去 50 年的科学发现，本文重新审视了博根斯的理论。我们首先回顾了分脑研究的相关发现，然后简要探讨了神经畸形参与者的创造力与胼胝体结构和功能的关联研究结果。最后，我们将深入讨论胼胝体缺失症（ACC）患者的创造力问题。这三个研究方向有力地支持了博根和博根在 1969 年提出的理论，并进一步阐明了胼胝体在创造性认知中的关键和独特作用。

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