A retrospective radiographic and histopathologic study of pathology associated with impacted teeth and other regions in patients at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: An institutional study.

Background: To examine the prevalence and pattern of pathology related to impacted teeth and other areas in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Government Dental College in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar.

Material and methods: This 5-year single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at the government dental college and hospital in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar between 2019 and 2024. Based on age, sex, area, presence of impacted tooth, radiological and histopathological report. Statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results: A study of 3469 patients' panoramic radiographs revealed that 1696 patients had at least one impacted tooth. The third molar was the most common impacted tooth (89.4%), with a higher prevalence among women. Among the 28,72 impacted teeth, the dentigerous cyst (193) was the most common lesion. Histopathologically, out of 546 cases, infected dental cyst (23.6%) was the most common hard tissue lesion, while traumatic fibroma (6%) was the most common soft tissue lesion according to biopsy reports.

Conclusions: A study using panoramic radiographs found that 48.8% of 3469 patients had impacted teeth. Only 36% of patients with impacted teeth reported symptoms, and 75% had problem on just one side. Biopsies in 546 patients revealed cysts and traumatic fibromas as common findings. The study suggests that biopsies are necessary to determine the type and severity of lesions for early treatment. Key words:Radiographic analysis, Histopathological analysis, cyst, tumors, impaction.