The First Nation Community Experiences with the SOAR Research Program: Improving Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management.

Objective: Indigenous peoples in Canada are considered the highest-risk populations for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Quality improvement (QI) strategies may be considered effective interventions to improving T2DM health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to understand experiences associated with the implementation of the SOAR QI program to improve prevention and management of T2DM.

Method: A qualitative study was conducted, and in-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with QI team members and key contacts, in person and through videoconference with two First Nations communities. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for data analysis.

Results: 10 interviews were conducted and emerging themes from the data analysis were organized into two categories, namely facilitators and barriers. Four subthemes were identified. Two subthemes emerged under the category of facilitators (cultural relevance, and partnership building). Two subthemes emerged under the category of barriers, (workload burden, role ambiguity).

Discussion: This study highlighted the necessity of implementing diabetes QI strategies that foster cultural sensitivity and provide opportunities for partnership building, to strengthen community relationships. The study also highlighted the importance of diminishing role ambiguity, and increased workload burdens, which can hinder the successful implementation of QI programs long-term.

Conclusion: The findings of this study can be utilized to improve future adaptations of SOAR and other diabetes First Nations focused QI strategies, to benefit Indigenous people in acquiring optimal outcomes relative to T2DM care. Findings can also inform the design, practices, and policies of such QI interventions in support of the spread and sustainability of the intervention long-term.