{"title":"脂肪组织中的血管活性肠肽（VIP）及其受体：对冷应激适应的影响。","authors":"Orhan Tansel Korkmaz, Faruk Saydam, Bahar Dalkiran, İrfan Değirmenci, Neşe Tunçel","doi":"10.1007/s12013-024-01606-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose tissue represents an organ that is highly dynamic and contributes toward vital survival events such as immune responses, lactation, metabolism fuel, and thermogenesis. Data emerging from recent studies support the notion of adipose tissue being organized into a complex system characterized by a discrete anatomy, elevated physiological plasticity, and specific vascular and nerve supplies. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), along with its receptors, type 1 (VPAC1) and type 2 (VPAC2), has been implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, studies on VIP and its receptors in adipose tissue are limited. To explore VIP's presence and activity, as well as its adipose tissue-based receptors, we conducted a study on isolated adipocytes and adipose tissue from inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in normal and cold-stressed rats. Our findings indicate the presence of the gene expression VIP and VPAC1 in both WAT and BAT under normal conditions, while VPAC2 was absent. In both WAT and BAT, cold exposure upregulated VIP gene expression. However, the response of VIP receptors to cold exposure is controversial. VPAC2 gene expression was induced in both WAT and BAT, while VPAC1 gene expression presented no change of significance in BAT and a slight reduction in WAT. Additionally, VIP, VPAC1, and VPAC2 proteins were identified from Western blot studies on white and brown adipocytes. After exposure to cold there was an increase of significance in the VIP, VPAC1, and VPAC2 protein levels. This study provides novel insights into how VIP and its receptors alter gene expression and protein levels in adipose tissue and adipocytes during cold stress, indicating their potential involvement in adipose tissue regulation. The findings propose VIP's potentially crucial role in adipose tissue's adaptation to cold stress by affecting the metabolic and biochemical functions of subcutaneous and interscapular adipocytes, with potentially significant implications in the context of developing therapies targeting metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and its Receptors in Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cold Stress Adaptation.\",\"authors\":\"Orhan Tansel Korkmaz, Faruk Saydam, Bahar Dalkiran, İrfan Değirmenci, Neşe Tunçel\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12013-024-01606-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Adipose tissue represents an organ that is highly dynamic and contributes toward vital survival events such as immune responses, lactation, metabolism fuel, and thermogenesis. Data emerging from recent studies support the notion of adipose tissue being organized into a complex system characterized by a discrete anatomy, elevated physiological plasticity, and specific vascular and nerve supplies. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), along with its receptors, type 1 (VPAC1) and type 2 (VPAC2), has been implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, studies on VIP and its receptors in adipose tissue are limited. To explore VIP's presence and activity, as well as its adipose tissue-based receptors, we conducted a study on isolated adipocytes and adipose tissue from inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in normal and cold-stressed rats. Our findings indicate the presence of the gene expression VIP and VPAC1 in both WAT and BAT under normal conditions, while VPAC2 was absent. In both WAT and BAT, cold exposure upregulated VIP gene expression. However, the response of VIP receptors to cold exposure is controversial. VPAC2 gene expression was induced in both WAT and BAT, while VPAC1 gene expression presented no change of significance in BAT and a slight reduction in WAT. Additionally, VIP, VPAC1, and VPAC2 proteins were identified from Western blot studies on white and brown adipocytes. After exposure to cold there was an increase of significance in the VIP, VPAC1, and VPAC2 protein levels. This study provides novel insights into how VIP and its receptors alter gene expression and protein levels in adipose tissue and adipocytes during cold stress, indicating their potential involvement in adipose tissue regulation. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
脂肪组织是一个高度动态的器官，对免疫反应、泌乳、新陈代谢燃料和产热等重要生存活动都有贡献。最近的研究数据支持这样一种观点，即脂肪组织是一个复杂的系统，具有离散的解剖结构、较高的生理可塑性以及特定的血管和神经供应。血管活性肠肽（VIP）及其受体 1 型（VPAC1）和 2 型（VPAC2）被认为与各种生理和病理生理过程有关。然而，有关脂肪组织中 VIP 及其受体的研究还很有限。为了探索 VIP 的存在、活性及其基于脂肪组织的受体，我们对正常大鼠和冷应激大鼠腹股沟白色脂肪组织（WAT）和肩胛间棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的分离脂肪细胞和脂肪组织进行了研究。我们的研究结果表明，在正常条件下，WAT 和 BAT 中都存在 VIP 和 VPAC1 基因表达，而 VPAC2 则不存在。在WAT和BAT中，寒冷暴露会上调VIP基因的表达。然而，VIP 受体对寒冷暴露的反应还存在争议。VPAC2 基因表达在 WAT 和 BAT 中均被诱导，而 VPAC1 基因表达在 BAT 中没有显著变化，在 WAT 中略有减少。此外，通过对白色和棕色脂肪细胞进行 Western 印迹研究，确定了 VIP、VPAC1 和 VPAC2 蛋白。暴露于寒冷环境后，VIP、VPAC1 和 VPAC2 蛋白水平显著增加。这项研究提供了新的视角，揭示了在寒冷应激过程中，VIP 及其受体如何改变脂肪组织和脂肪细胞中的基因表达和蛋白水平，表明它们可能参与了脂肪组织的调节。研究结果表明，VIP 通过影响皮下和肩胛间脂肪细胞的代谢和生化功能，在脂肪组织对冷应激的适应过程中发挥着潜在的关键作用，对开发针对代谢紊乱的疗法具有重要意义。
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and its Receptors in Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cold Stress Adaptation.
Adipose tissue represents an organ that is highly dynamic and contributes toward vital survival events such as immune responses, lactation, metabolism fuel, and thermogenesis. Data emerging from recent studies support the notion of adipose tissue being organized into a complex system characterized by a discrete anatomy, elevated physiological plasticity, and specific vascular and nerve supplies. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), along with its receptors, type 1 (VPAC1) and type 2 (VPAC2), has been implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, studies on VIP and its receptors in adipose tissue are limited. To explore VIP's presence and activity, as well as its adipose tissue-based receptors, we conducted a study on isolated adipocytes and adipose tissue from inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in normal and cold-stressed rats. Our findings indicate the presence of the gene expression VIP and VPAC1 in both WAT and BAT under normal conditions, while VPAC2 was absent. In both WAT and BAT, cold exposure upregulated VIP gene expression. However, the response of VIP receptors to cold exposure is controversial. VPAC2 gene expression was induced in both WAT and BAT, while VPAC1 gene expression presented no change of significance in BAT and a slight reduction in WAT. Additionally, VIP, VPAC1, and VPAC2 proteins were identified from Western blot studies on white and brown adipocytes. After exposure to cold there was an increase of significance in the VIP, VPAC1, and VPAC2 protein levels. This study provides novel insights into how VIP and its receptors alter gene expression and protein levels in adipose tissue and adipocytes during cold stress, indicating their potential involvement in adipose tissue regulation. The findings propose VIP's potentially crucial role in adipose tissue's adaptation to cold stress by affecting the metabolic and biochemical functions of subcutaneous and interscapular adipocytes, with potentially significant implications in the context of developing therapies targeting metabolic disorders.
期刊介绍：
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics (CBB) aims to publish papers on the nature of the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms underlying the structure, control and function of cellular systems
The reports should be within the framework of modern biochemistry and chemistry, biophysics and cell physiology, physics and engineering, molecular and structural biology. The relationship between molecular structure and function under investigation is emphasized.
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