Skin barrier dysfunction in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: From pathogenic mechanism of barrier damage to treatment

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas characterized by multiple erythematous patches, plaques, or even nodules on the skin. As the disease progresses, patients develop widespread pruritic skin lesions, leading to skin barrier dysfunction, which significantly impacts their quality of life, appearance, and social adaptation. The pathogenesis of CTCL is not fully understood. Recent studies have recognized the important role of skin barrier dysfunction in the development and progression of CTCL, yet a comprehensive review on this topic is lacking. This review summarizes recent findings on skin barrier dysfunction in CTCL, focusing on physical barrier dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and immune dysregulation. We also discuss current and potential therapies aimed at restoring barrier function in CTCL. By emphasizing the integration of barrier-centric approaches into CTCL management, this review provides valuable insights for improving treatment outcomes.