Critical reviews in oncology/hematology最新文献

英文中文

The impact of urine biomarkers for prostate cancer detection–A systematic state of the art review

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104699

Stefan Plas , Felix Melchior , Gerhard P. Aigner , Maria Frantzi , Jan Pencik , Mona Kafka , Isabel Heidegger

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) screening primarily relies on Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), which has low specificity and therefore leads to unnecessary biopsies. Consequently, there is a growing need for, ideally, non-invasive biomarkers. Liquid biopsy, a diagnostic approach analyzing circulating tumor components in body fluids, has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for various cancers, including PCa.

Methods

To evaluate recent evidence on urine-based biomarkers for the detection of PCa, we conducted a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Our literature search identified a total of 286 studies, of which 66 met our inclusion criteria (men suspected of PCa with no prior history of PCa). After assessing the risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 tool, studies on five distinct urinary biomarker tests were included for further analysis.

Results

Tests that do not rely on digital rectal examination (non-DRE), such as Exosome Dx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI) and Protexam Prostate Status Management (PSM)/Prostate Check-Up (PSU), demonstrated strong performance in detecting PCa, particularly clinically significant PCa. Meanwhile, the MyProstateScore test (MPS) showed the highest efficacy among tests utilizing urine samples collected post-DRE. Unfortunately, the performance of the biomarker test with the most available studies, PCA3 ProGensa® Score, was underwhelming with only moderate sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions

Despite promising results from various urine-based biomarker tests, we are currently unable to recommend one specific test for implementation into clinical practice. The broad heterogeneity of the studies conducted hindered the ability to perform a meta-analysis, and prospective randomized trials providing clinical evidence are still lacking.

{"title":"The impact of urine biomarkers for prostate cancer detection–A systematic state of the art review","authors":"Stefan Plas , Felix Melchior , Gerhard P. Aigner , Maria Frantzi , Jan Pencik , Mona Kafka , Isabel Heidegger","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prostate cancer (PCa) screening primarily relies on Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), which has low specificity and therefore leads to unnecessary biopsies. Consequently, there is a growing need for, ideally, non-invasive biomarkers. Liquid biopsy, a diagnostic approach analyzing circulating tumor components in body fluids, has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for various cancers, including PCa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To evaluate recent evidence on urine-based biomarkers for the detection of PCa, we conducted a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Our literature search identified a total of 286 studies, of which 66 met our inclusion criteria (men suspected of PCa with no prior history of PCa). After assessing the risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 tool, studies on five distinct urinary biomarker tests were included for further analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Tests that do not rely on digital rectal examination (non-DRE), such as Exosome Dx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI) and Protexam Prostate Status Management (PSM)/Prostate Check-Up (PSU), demonstrated strong performance in detecting PCa, particularly clinically significant PCa. Meanwhile, the MyProstateScore test (MPS) showed the highest efficacy among tests utilizing urine samples collected post-DRE. Unfortunately, the performance of the biomarker test with the most available studies, PCA3 ProGensa® Score, was underwhelming with only moderate sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite promising results from various urine-based biomarker tests, we are currently unable to recommend one specific test for implementation into clinical practice. The broad heterogeneity of the studies conducted hindered the ability to perform a meta-analysis, and prospective randomized trials providing clinical evidence are still lacking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104699"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dual role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in the response and resistance to cancer immunotherapy

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104700

Mohammadreza Saberiyan , Sarah Gholami , Mahsa Ejlalidiz , Mohammadsadegh Rezaeian Manshadi , parisa Noorabadi , Michael R. Hamblin

Cancer immunotherapy has become a revolutionary strategy in oncology, utilizing the host immune system to fight malignancies. Notwithstanding major progress, obstacles such as immune evasion by tumors and the development of resistance still remain. This manuscript examines the function of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in cancer biology, focusing on its effects on tumor immunotherapy response and resistance. CMA is a selective degradation mechanism for cytosolic proteins, which is crucial for sustaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune responses. By degrading specific proteins, CMA can either facilitate tumor progression in stressful conditions, or promote tumor suppression by removing oncogenic factors. This double-edged sword highlights the complexity of CMA in cancer progression and its possible effect on treatment results. Here we clarify the molecular mechanisms by which CMA can regulate the immune response and its possible role as a therapeutic target for improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.

{"title":"The dual role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in the response and resistance to cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Mohammadreza Saberiyan , Sarah Gholami , Mahsa Ejlalidiz , Mohammadsadegh Rezaeian Manshadi , parisa Noorabadi , Michael R. Hamblin","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer immunotherapy has become a revolutionary strategy in oncology, utilizing the host immune system to fight malignancies. Notwithstanding major progress, obstacles such as immune evasion by tumors and the development of resistance still remain. This manuscript examines the function of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in cancer biology, focusing on its effects on tumor immunotherapy response and resistance. CMA is a selective degradation mechanism for cytosolic proteins, which is crucial for sustaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune responses. By degrading specific proteins, CMA can either facilitate tumor progression in stressful conditions, or promote tumor suppression by removing oncogenic factors. This double-edged sword highlights the complexity of CMA in cancer progression and its possible effect on treatment results. Here we clarify the molecular mechanisms by which CMA can regulate the immune response and its possible role as a therapeutic target for improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104695

Martina Parenza Arenhardt, Giovanna Vieira Giannecchini, Diocesio Alves Pinto de Andrade, Larissa Müller Gomes, Marcela Bonalumi dos Santos, Jessé Lopes da Silva, Andréia Cristina de Melo

Introduction

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare gynecological tumor with limited treatment options for advanced stages. Current chemotherapy, adapted from cervical cancer protocols, often results in poor outcomes. This scoping review evaluates the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy and targeted therapies in advanced VSCC.

Material and methods

After extensive assessment, examination, and curation of relevant literature data, eight trials focused on immunotherapy or targeted therapy for advanced, recurrent, or metastatic VSCCs were identified and selected. The findings have been compiled and synthesized into a narrative overview, adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Results

The study analyzed four unpublished and four published trials, evaluating the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy or targeted therapy for VSCCs. Pembrolizumab was assessed in the KEYNOTE-028 and KEYNOTE-158 trials, showing objective response rates (ORRs) of 6 % and 10.9 %, respectively, and median overall survival (OS) between 3.8 and 6.2 months. CheckMate 358 reported a 20 % ORR for nivolumab. Combination strategies (ipilimumab plus nivolumab and pembrolizumab plus vorinostat) demonstrated efficacy with median OS of 7.6 and 17.5 months, respectively. Toripalimab showed an ORR of 33.3 %. Safety profiles were generally manageable, with common adverse events like fatigue and gastrointestinal disorders. Serious adverse events included grade 5 immune-related hepatitis and chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion

Immunotherapy may be considered an option for VSCCs in the second-line setting. Despite the limited research on targeted therapies for VSCCs, combination approaches with immunotherapy demonstrate promising potential. Prioritizing the identification of biomarkers that predict responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors is essential.

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review","authors":"Martina Parenza Arenhardt, Giovanna Vieira Giannecchini, Diocesio Alves Pinto de Andrade, Larissa Müller Gomes, Marcela Bonalumi dos Santos, Jessé Lopes da Silva, Andréia Cristina de Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare gynecological tumor with limited treatment options for advanced stages. Current chemotherapy, adapted from cervical cancer protocols, often results in poor outcomes. This scoping review evaluates the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy and targeted therapies in advanced VSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>After extensive assessment, examination, and curation of relevant literature data, eight trials focused on immunotherapy or targeted therapy for advanced, recurrent, or metastatic VSCCs were identified and selected. The findings have been compiled and synthesized into a narrative overview, adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study analyzed four unpublished and four published trials, evaluating the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy or targeted therapy for VSCCs. Pembrolizumab was assessed in the KEYNOTE-028 and KEYNOTE-158 trials, showing objective response rates (ORRs) of 6 % and 10.9 %, respectively, and median overall survival (OS) between 3.8 and 6.2 months. CheckMate 358 reported a 20 % ORR for nivolumab. Combination strategies (ipilimumab plus nivolumab and pembrolizumab plus vorinostat) demonstrated efficacy with median OS of 7.6 and 17.5 months, respectively. Toripalimab showed an ORR of 33.3 %. Safety profiles were generally manageable, with common adverse events like fatigue and gastrointestinal disorders. Serious adverse events included grade 5 immune-related hepatitis and chronic kidney disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Immunotherapy may be considered an option for VSCCs in the second-line setting. Despite the limited research on targeted therapies for VSCCs, combination approaches with immunotherapy demonstrate promising potential. Prioritizing the identification of biomarkers that predict responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PARP inhibitors during conception and pregnancy in breast cancer

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104696

Flora Zagouri, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Angeliki Andrikopoulou

Approximately 1 in 10 women diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 35 carry germline BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been recently approved in the treatment of both early and advanced breast cancer. However, there are no published cases of exposure to PARP inhibitors during pregnancy. Treatment with PARP inhibitors during pregnancy is currently contraindicated and can potentially harm fertility in young women with breast cancer. We here summarize all clinical and preclinical data on the effect of PARP inhibitors on pregnancy, fertility and breast-feeding to provide guidance on their optimal use in women of childbearing potential.

引用次数: 0

Consolidative radiotherapy in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive NSCLC: A systematic review

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104676

Nazmul Hasan , Omid Yazdanpanah , Jeremy P. Harris , Misako Nagasaka

Consolidative radiation is increasingly regarded as an effective treatment for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This systematic review examines the clinical evidence on the significance of consolidative radiation in improving outcomes in NSCLC, including progression-free survival and overall survival. Innovations in radiotherapy, including stereotactic body radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, have enhanced the accuracy and effectiveness of local control in oligometastatic disease. This paper analyzes the integration of consolidative radiotherapy with systemic agents, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, along with the application of biomarkers such circulating tumor DNA for patient selection. Our findings indicate that consolidative radiotherapy could benefit some patients with controlled oligometastatic NSCLC following systemic therapy, emphasizing the importance of proper patient selection. Additional research is necessary to optimize treatment combinations and develop biomarkers for better patient stratification in consolidative radiotherapy.

{"title":"Consolidative radiotherapy in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive NSCLC: A systematic review","authors":"Nazmul Hasan , Omid Yazdanpanah , Jeremy P. Harris , Misako Nagasaka","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consolidative radiation is increasingly regarded as an effective treatment for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This systematic review examines the clinical evidence on the significance of consolidative radiation in improving outcomes in NSCLC, including progression-free survival and overall survival. Innovations in radiotherapy, including stereotactic body radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, have enhanced the accuracy and effectiveness of local control in oligometastatic disease. This paper analyzes the integration of consolidative radiotherapy with systemic agents, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, along with the application of biomarkers such circulating tumor DNA for patient selection. Our findings indicate that consolidative radiotherapy could benefit some patients with controlled oligometastatic NSCLC following systemic therapy, emphasizing the importance of proper patient selection. Additional research is necessary to optimize treatment combinations and develop biomarkers for better patient stratification in consolidative radiotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of radium-223 in the evolving treatment landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A narrative review

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104678

Álvaro Pinto , Mario Domínguez , Alfonso Gómez-Iturriaga , Alejo Rodriguez-Vida , Juan Antonio Vallejo-Casas , Elena Castro

The treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been rapidly evolving over the last two decades. The advent of new androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) such as abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide marks a great advance for treating mCRPC patientd in the pre- and post-docetaxel settings. The subsequent approval of ARPIs in early stages—i.e., metastatic hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) or nonmetastatic CRPC—led to a realignment of subsequent treatment choices upon progression to mCRPC, given the possibility of cross-resistance between ARPIs. Therapies with mechanisms of action different from those of ARPIs are now the focus of new treatment developments. Also, this anomalous situation brings the focus back to well-known treatments currently used later in the treatment sequence. This is the case of radium-223 which, when administered with enzalutamide, has recently been shown to prolong radiographic progression-free survival vs. enzalutamide alone in the first line in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with no known visceral metastases. In this narrative review, we summarize the treatment landscape for mCRPC, both from a historical and practical point of view, to understand the new potential of radium-223 as a treatment option in this setting.

{"title":"The role of radium-223 in the evolving treatment landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A narrative review","authors":"Álvaro Pinto , Mario Domínguez , Alfonso Gómez-Iturriaga , Alejo Rodriguez-Vida , Juan Antonio Vallejo-Casas , Elena Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been rapidly evolving over the last two decades. The advent of new androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) such as abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide marks a great advance for treating mCRPC patientd in the pre- and post-docetaxel settings. The subsequent approval of ARPIs in early stages—i.e., metastatic hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) or nonmetastatic CRPC—led to a realignment of subsequent treatment choices upon progression to mCRPC, given the possibility of cross-resistance between ARPIs. Therapies with mechanisms of action different from those of ARPIs are now the focus of new treatment developments. Also, this anomalous situation brings the focus back to well-known treatments currently used later in the treatment sequence. This is the case of radium-223 which, when administered with enzalutamide, has recently been shown to prolong radiographic progression-free survival vs. enzalutamide alone in the first line in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with no known visceral metastases. In this narrative review, we summarize the treatment landscape for mCRPC, both from a historical and practical point of view, to understand the new potential of radium-223 as a treatment option in this setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104678"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence and whole slide imaging, a new tool for the microsatellite instability prediction in colorectal cancer: Friend or foe?

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104694

Anna Lucia Cannarozzi , Giuseppe Biscaglia , Paola Parente , Tiziana Pia Latiano , Annamaria Gentile , Davide Ciardiello , Luca Massimino , Anna Laura Pia Di Brina , Maria Guerra , Francesca Tavano , Federica Ungaro , Fabrizio Bossa , Francesco Perri , Anna Latiano , Orazio Palmieri

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly cancer worldwide. Despite advances in screening and treatment, CRC is heterogeneous and the response to therapy varies significantly, limiting personalized treatment options. Certain molecular biomarkers, including microsatellite instability (MSI), are critical in planning personalized treatment, although only a subset of patients may benefit. Currently, the primary methods for assessing MSI status include immunohistochemistry (IHC) for DNA mismatch repair proteins (MMRs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular testing, or next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, these techniques have limitations, are expensive and time-consuming, and often result in inter-method inconsistencies. Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) are critical predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and MSI testing is recommended to identify patients who may benefit. There is a pressing need for a more robust, reliable, and cost-effective approach that accurately assesses MSI status. Recent advances in computational pathology, in particular the development of technologies that digitally scan whole slide images (WSI) at high resolution, as well as new approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, are increasingly gaining ground. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest findings on WSI and advances in AI methods for predicting MSI status, summarize their applications in CRC, and discuss their strengths and limitations in daily clinical practice.

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and whole slide imaging, a new tool for the microsatellite instability prediction in colorectal cancer: Friend or foe?","authors":"Anna Lucia Cannarozzi , Giuseppe Biscaglia , Paola Parente , Tiziana Pia Latiano , Annamaria Gentile , Davide Ciardiello , Luca Massimino , Anna Laura Pia Di Brina , Maria Guerra , Francesca Tavano , Federica Ungaro , Fabrizio Bossa , Francesco Perri , Anna Latiano , Orazio Palmieri","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly cancer worldwide. Despite advances in screening and treatment, CRC is heterogeneous and the response to therapy varies significantly, limiting personalized treatment options. Certain molecular biomarkers, including microsatellite instability (MSI), are critical in planning personalized treatment, although only a subset of patients may benefit. Currently, the primary methods for assessing MSI status include immunohistochemistry (IHC) for DNA mismatch repair proteins (MMRs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular testing, or next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, these techniques have limitations, are expensive and time-consuming, and often result in inter-method inconsistencies. Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) are critical predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and MSI testing is recommended to identify patients who may benefit. There is a pressing need for a more robust, reliable, and cost-effective approach that accurately assesses MSI status. Recent advances in computational pathology, in particular the development of technologies that digitally scan whole slide images (WSI) at high resolution, as well as new approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, are increasingly gaining ground. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest findings on WSI and advances in AI methods for predicting MSI status, summarize their applications in CRC, and discuss their strengths and limitations in daily clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104694"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incorporating radiomic MRI models for presurgical response assessment in patients with early breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy: Collaborative insights from breast oncologists and radiologists

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104681

Mariangela Gaudio , Giulia Vatteroni , Rita De Sanctis , Riccardo Gerosa , Chiara Benvenuti , Jacopo Canzian , Flavia Jacobs , Giuseppe Saltalamacchia , Gianpiero Rizzo , Paolo Pedrazzoli , Armando Santoro , Daniela Bernardi , Alberto Zambelli

The assessment of neoadjuvant treatment’s response is critical for selecting the most suitable therapeutic options for patients with breast cancer to reduce the need for invasive local therapies. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is so far one of the most accurate approaches for assessing pathological complete response, although this is limited by the qualitative and subjective nature of radiologists' assessment, often making it insufficient for deciding whether to forgo additional locoregional therapy measures. To increase the accuracy and prediction of radiomic MRI with the aid of machine learning models and deep learning methods, as part of artificial intelligence, have been used to analyse the different subtypes of breast cancer and the specific changes observed before and after therapy. This review discusses recent advancements in radiomic MRI models for presurgical response assessment for patients with early breast cancer receiving preoperative treatments, with a focus on their implications for clinical practice.

{"title":"Incorporating radiomic MRI models for presurgical response assessment in patients with early breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy: Collaborative insights from breast oncologists and radiologists","authors":"Mariangela Gaudio , Giulia Vatteroni , Rita De Sanctis , Riccardo Gerosa , Chiara Benvenuti , Jacopo Canzian , Flavia Jacobs , Giuseppe Saltalamacchia , Gianpiero Rizzo , Paolo Pedrazzoli , Armando Santoro , Daniela Bernardi , Alberto Zambelli","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of neoadjuvant treatment’s response is critical for selecting the most suitable therapeutic options for patients with breast cancer to reduce the need for invasive local therapies. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is so far one of the most accurate approaches for assessing pathological complete response, although this is limited by the qualitative and subjective nature of radiologists' assessment, often making it insufficient for deciding whether to forgo additional locoregional therapy measures. To increase the accuracy and prediction of radiomic MRI with the aid of machine learning models and deep learning methods, as part of artificial intelligence, have been used to analyse the different subtypes of breast cancer and the specific changes observed before and after therapy. This review discusses recent advancements in radiomic MRI models for presurgical response assessment for patients with early breast cancer receiving preoperative treatments, with a focus on their implications for clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104681"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular oncology of iodine refractory thyroid cancer current therapies and perspective

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104679

François Cherifi , Ahmad Awada

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Most patients will be treated and cured by surgery but a low percentage will develop advanced disease. The treatment of advanced disease is at first the use of radioiodine treatment in differentiated cancer then at progression will rely on molecular alterations and consequently in targeted treatments. In this review, we will explore the most frequent molecular alterations of each histological subtype: differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) and clinically tested and approved treatment. We will also report the clinical and preclinical perspective in this field.

引用次数: 0

Advances of artificial intelligence in clinical application and scientific research of neuro-oncology: Current knowledge and future perspectives

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104682

Yankun Zhan , Yanying Hao , Xiang Wang , Duancheng Guo

Brain tumors refer to the abnormal growths that occur within the brain’s tissue, comprising both primary neoplasms and metastatic lesions. Timely detection, precise staging, suitable treatment, and standardized management are of significant clinical importance for extending the survival rates of brain tumor patients. Artificial intelligence (AI), a discipline within computer science, is leveraging its robust capacity for information identification and combination to revolutionize traditional paradigms of oncology care, offering substantial potential for precision medicine. This article provides an overview of the current applications of AI in brain tumors, encompassing the primary AI technologies, their working mechanisms and working workflow, the contributions of AI to brain tumor diagnosis and treatment, as well as the role of AI in brain tumor scientific research, particularly in drug innovation and revealing tumor microenvironment. Finally, the paper addresses the existing challenges, potential solutions, and the future application prospects. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the application of AI in brain tumors and provide valuable insights for forthcoming clinical applications and scientific inquiries.

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