Self-identification of autism: Why some autistic adults lack a clinical diagnosis and why this matters for inclusion.

Lay abstract: Most autism research and services focus on individuals with formal autism diagnoses. However, autism activists and self-advocates have raised awareness about the challenges that can prevent individuals from seeking or getting an autism diagnosis. We interviewed 65 queer and transgender adults who either self-identified as autistic without a formal diagnosis or who had a formal autism diagnosis. We found that participants made meaning of their autistic diagnosis and/or identity and found affirmation in this, faced significant barriers and deterrents to getting diagnosed, and experienced invalidation as both a barrier to and product of diagnosis. Due to the challenges that individuals face in getting a diagnosis, we recommend that researchers and advocates consider including self-identified autistic individuals in research and services.