Ping-Chieh Cheng , Kai-Chun Chang , Jia-Shyan Shiau , Shih-Hsien Liu , Ker-Chang Hsieh , Shih-kang Lin
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The effects of basicity values, sintering temperature, and atmosphere, on the microstructure and phase formation of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub> ternary mixtures during sintering reactions, are investigated using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results are analyzed using CALPHAD-type computational thermodynamics.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>We found that solid-state reactions dominate at the lower temperature of 1250 °C, while liquid-assisted sintering occurs at the higher temperature (1300 °C). As the SiO<sub>2</sub> content in the sinter increases, the content of the calcium-ferrite bonding phase decreases, while the content of Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> increases. Regarding the role of the atmosphere, more calcium ferrite bonding phases form under a lower oxygen partial pressure compared to an ambient atmosphere, which facilitates the densification of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub> sinter. In addition, a guideline for sintering operation with low-grade iron ore is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 105817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of low-grade iron ore on sintering reactions: Rapid heating experiments and thermodynamic modeling\",\"authors\":\"Ping-Chieh Cheng , Kai-Chun Chang , Jia-Shyan Shiau , Shih-Hsien Liu , Ker-Chang Hsieh , Shih-kang Lin\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105817\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sinter is a primary feedstock for blast furnace-based ironmaking. Recently, the proportion of low-grade iron ore, which contains a high amount of gangue (mainly SiO<sub>2</sub>), has been increasing in the sintering process. Therefore, the impact of increased SiO2 content on the quality of sinter needs to be clarified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we designed a rapid-heating furnace to simulate the actual thermal profile of the sintering process. The effects of basicity values, sintering temperature, and atmosphere, on the microstructure and phase formation of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub> ternary mixtures during sintering reactions, are investigated using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results are analyzed using CALPHAD-type computational thermodynamics.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>We found that solid-state reactions dominate at the lower temperature of 1250 °C, while liquid-assisted sintering occurs at the higher temperature (1300 °C). As the SiO<sub>2</sub> content in the sinter increases, the content of the calcium-ferrite bonding phase decreases, while the content of Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> increases. Regarding the role of the atmosphere, more calcium ferrite bonding phases form under a lower oxygen partial pressure compared to an ambient atmosphere, which facilitates the densification of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub> sinter. In addition, a guideline for sintering operation with low-grade iron ore is proposed.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":381,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers\",\"volume\":\"165 \",\"pages\":\"Article 105817\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876107024004759\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876107024004759","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of low-grade iron ore on sintering reactions: Rapid heating experiments and thermodynamic modeling
Background
Sinter is a primary feedstock for blast furnace-based ironmaking. Recently, the proportion of low-grade iron ore, which contains a high amount of gangue (mainly SiO2), has been increasing in the sintering process. Therefore, the impact of increased SiO2 content on the quality of sinter needs to be clarified.
Methods
In this study, we designed a rapid-heating furnace to simulate the actual thermal profile of the sintering process. The effects of basicity values, sintering temperature, and atmosphere, on the microstructure and phase formation of the Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 ternary mixtures during sintering reactions, are investigated using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results are analyzed using CALPHAD-type computational thermodynamics.
Significant findings
We found that solid-state reactions dominate at the lower temperature of 1250 °C, while liquid-assisted sintering occurs at the higher temperature (1300 °C). As the SiO2 content in the sinter increases, the content of the calcium-ferrite bonding phase decreases, while the content of Ca2SiO4 and Fe2O3 increases. Regarding the role of the atmosphere, more calcium ferrite bonding phases form under a lower oxygen partial pressure compared to an ambient atmosphere, which facilitates the densification of the Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 sinter. In addition, a guideline for sintering operation with low-grade iron ore is proposed.
期刊介绍：
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (formerly known as Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers) publishes original works, from fundamental principles to practical applications, in the broad field of chemical engineering with special focus on three aspects: Chemical and Biomolecular Science and Technology, Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, and Materials Science and Technology. Authors should choose for their manuscript an appropriate aspect section and a few related classifications when submitting to the journal online.
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