An in-depth review of phase change materials in concrete for enhancing building energy-efficient temperature control systems

To address the environmental and energy challenges in modern construction, integrating phase change materials (PCMs) into concrete has emerged as a sustainable solution. This literature review critically examines the incorporation of PCMs in concrete, highlighting its potential to transform building energy efficiency and thermal management. The study categorizes PCMs into four main types: organic, inorganic, eutectic, and bio-based, each with distinctive properties and applications. Additionally, this review explores the thermal energy regulation of PCMs in concrete, focusing on integration methods like microencapsulation and vacuum impregnation while maintaining structural integrity. Practical applications demonstrate that PCMs help mitigate temperature fluctuations, enhancing indoor comfort and reducing energy demand. However, despite their energy-saving benefits, the integration of PCMs can negatively affect the mechanical properties of concrete. Empirical evidence from multiple case studies under various climatic conditions further validates the effectiveness of PCM-enhanced concrete in real-world scenarios. In summary, while PCMs can significantly improve thermal efficiency in buildings and reduce energy consumption, it is crucial to balance thermal management performance with mechanical properties through appropriate PCM selection and advanced integration techniques. Future research should focus on enhancing the dispersion, stability, and long-term durability of PCMs in concrete to ensure they maintain their effectiveness without compromising structural integrity. In addition, addressing the fire resistance and environmental stability of PCMs under various conditions will be essential for broader adoption in construction.