Prem N. Ramkumar MD, MBA , Jenna A. Bernstein MD , David C. Landy MD, PhD , David E. DeMik MD , Justin T. Deen MD , Reena J. Olsen MS , Anna Cohen-Rosenblum MD
{"title":"薪酬差异和性别薪酬差距的决定因素：对美国髋关节和膝关节外科医生协会（AAHKS）外科医生成员队伍的调查","authors":"Prem N. Ramkumar MD, MBA , Jenna A. Bernstein MD , David C. Landy MD, PhD , David E. DeMik MD , Justin T. Deen MD , Reena J. Olsen MS , Anna Cohen-Rosenblum MD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2024.101554","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increased emphasis on reimbursement, diversity, and burnout in hip and knee arthroplasty necessitates a foundational understanding of the surgeon workforce. The purpose of the study was to cross sectionally survey a representative sample of the AAHKS surgeon membership on the subject of salary, practice patterns, and demographic factors to establish a baseline framework for future advocacy efforts and initiatives.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey was sent to AAHKS members between December 20, 2022 and January 19, 2023. Surgeon demographic data, experience, practice geography and type, and annual case volume were solicited. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe the association of respondent characteristics with reported salary directly from patient care, as well as indirect revenue streams.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 730 AAHKS members responded to the survey. The largest proportion of surgeons performed 251-400 cases annually (36%); 81% (n = 592) and 93% (n = 679) of respondents identified as white and male, respectively. Case volume was the primary determinant for surgeon salary, followed by practice type, years in practice, and gender. After controlling for confounding variables, multivariate analyses revealed the direct salary of women surgeons was 14.4% less than men [95% confidence interval, 0.4%-28.3%]. When considering indirect revenue, the gender pay gap widened. Salary was not associated with reported hours worked per week, geographic location, or ethnicity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Salary is an important but underdiscussed subject that reflects the realities of our culture and value system in medicine. A direct relationship between salary and modifiable variables like case volume is clear. However, after controlling for confounders, women arthroplasty surgeons still earn 86 cents on the dollar compared to their male colleagues from direct surgical revenue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Determinants of Salary Variation and the Gender Pay Gap: A Survey of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) Surgeon Member Workforce\",\"authors\":\"Prem N. Ramkumar MD, MBA , Jenna A. Bernstein MD , David C. Landy MD, PhD , David E. DeMik MD , Justin T. Deen MD , Reena J. Olsen MS , Anna Cohen-Rosenblum MD\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.artd.2024.101554\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increased emphasis on reimbursement, diversity, and burnout in hip and knee arthroplasty necessitates a foundational understanding of the surgeon workforce. The purpose of the study was to cross sectionally survey a representative sample of the AAHKS surgeon membership on the subject of salary, practice patterns, and demographic factors to establish a baseline framework for future advocacy efforts and initiatives.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey was sent to AAHKS members between December 20, 2022 and January 19, 2023. Surgeon demographic data, experience, practice geography and type, and annual case volume were solicited. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe the association of respondent characteristics with reported salary directly from patient care, as well as indirect revenue streams.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 730 AAHKS members responded to the survey. The largest proportion of surgeons performed 251-400 cases annually (36%); 81% (n = 592) and 93% (n = 679) of respondents identified as white and male, respectively. Case volume was the primary determinant for surgeon salary, followed by practice type, years in practice, and gender. After controlling for confounding variables, multivariate analyses revealed the direct salary of women surgeons was 14.4% less than men [95% confidence interval, 0.4%-28.3%]. When considering indirect revenue, the gender pay gap widened. Salary was not associated with reported hours worked per week, geographic location, or ethnicity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Salary is an important but underdiscussed subject that reflects the realities of our culture and value system in medicine. A direct relationship between salary and modifiable variables like case volume is clear. However, after controlling for confounders, women arthroplasty surgeons still earn 86 cents on the dollar compared to their male colleagues from direct surgical revenue.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37940,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Arthroplasty Today\",\"volume\":\"30 \",\"pages\":\"Article 101554\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Arthroplasty Today\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352344124002395\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ORTHOPEDICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arthroplasty Today","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352344124002395","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Determinants of Salary Variation and the Gender Pay Gap: A Survey of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) Surgeon Member Workforce
Background
The increased emphasis on reimbursement, diversity, and burnout in hip and knee arthroplasty necessitates a foundational understanding of the surgeon workforce. The purpose of the study was to cross sectionally survey a representative sample of the AAHKS surgeon membership on the subject of salary, practice patterns, and demographic factors to establish a baseline framework for future advocacy efforts and initiatives.
Methods
An online survey was sent to AAHKS members between December 20, 2022 and January 19, 2023. Surgeon demographic data, experience, practice geography and type, and annual case volume were solicited. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe the association of respondent characteristics with reported salary directly from patient care, as well as indirect revenue streams.
Results
A total of 730 AAHKS members responded to the survey. The largest proportion of surgeons performed 251-400 cases annually (36%); 81% (n = 592) and 93% (n = 679) of respondents identified as white and male, respectively. Case volume was the primary determinant for surgeon salary, followed by practice type, years in practice, and gender. After controlling for confounding variables, multivariate analyses revealed the direct salary of women surgeons was 14.4% less than men [95% confidence interval, 0.4%-28.3%]. When considering indirect revenue, the gender pay gap widened. Salary was not associated with reported hours worked per week, geographic location, or ethnicity.
Conclusions
Salary is an important but underdiscussed subject that reflects the realities of our culture and value system in medicine. A direct relationship between salary and modifiable variables like case volume is clear. However, after controlling for confounders, women arthroplasty surgeons still earn 86 cents on the dollar compared to their male colleagues from direct surgical revenue.
期刊介绍：
Arthroplasty Today is a companion journal to the Journal of Arthroplasty. The journal Arthroplasty Today brings together the clinical and scientific foundations for joint replacement of the hip and knee in an open-access, online format. Arthroplasty Today solicits manuscripts of the highest quality from all areas of scientific endeavor that relate to joint replacement or the treatment of its complications, including those dealing with patient outcomes, economic and policy issues, prosthetic design, biomechanics, biomaterials, and biologic response to arthroplasty. The journal focuses on case reports. It is the purpose of Arthroplasty Today to present material to practicing orthopaedic surgeons that will keep them abreast of developments in the field, prove useful in the care of patients, and aid in understanding the scientific foundation of this subspecialty area of joint replacement. The international members of the Editorial Board provide a worldwide perspective for the journal''s area of interest. Their participation ensures that each issue of Arthroplasty Today provides the reader with timely, peer-reviewed articles of the highest quality.
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