Characterisation of a continuous blender: Impact of physical properties on mass holdup behaviour

Continuous blenders are a key unit operation in Continuous Direct Compaction, a route to solid oral dosage forms that is receiving significant interest. Mass holdup in these blenders is a crucial variable; understanding how it is influenced by material properties, equipment configuration and process settings is key. The present work evaluated a Gericke GCM-450 blender for range of outlet weir aperture geometries (angled or horizontal), material properties (pure components and blends) and process settings (throughput and impeller speed). Results show opposing mass holdup behaviour depending on weir choice, material density and flowability, likely linked to the propensity of the material to form an inclined powder surface that matches – or does not – the chosen weir geometry. The present work underscores the need for fundamental process phenomena understanding, especially when insight is sought for how blender performance varies across multiple dimensions (throughput, impeller speed, material properties) and discrete equipment choices (weir geometry).