Transformer-embedded 1D VGG convolutional neural network for regional landslides detection boosted by multichannel data inputs

Up-to-date studies have proved the effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in landslide detection. With the rapid development of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System technologies, an increasing amount of spectral and non-spectral information is available for CNN modeling. It offering a comprehensive perspective for landslide detection, but also presents challenges to CNNs, especially in efficiently learning long-range feature associations. Therefore, we proposed a novel Transformer-improved VGG network (Trans-VGG). It takes spectral (RGB images) and non-spectral information (elevation, slope, and PCA components) as data inputs and integrating both local and global feature in modeling. The method is tested in two landslide cluster areas in Litang County, China. The results in site a show that the Trans-VGG model demonstrates an improvement in F1-score, ranging from 4% to 21%, compared with the conventional machine learning and CNN models. The validation result in site b further proved the validity of our proposed method.