Review on multifunctional elastomeric composites-based sensing for monitoring of aquatic and terrestrial living species

The most recent literature (2019–2024) on the multifunctionality of elastomeric matrix-based composites is reviewed in this paper. The main multifunctionality focus of this review lies in summarizing the sensing for monitoring terrestrial or aquatic living species. The review started with a brief overview of the key points like an introduction to elastomeric composites. Then, the use of these sensors for monitoring terrestrial and aquatic living species is covered followed by the key subjects covered in this review paper. After the introduction, the fabrication process of these elastomeric composites was reported with a special focus on sensor fabrication for monitoring the living species. After fabrication, a special focus on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of these sensors-based elastomeric composites was presented. A special focus on electrical properties including linearity, gauge factors, response time, and finally recovery time was presented. After properties, the paper’s final part summarizes the industrial usefulness of the work reported in the literature. These include insight into insect motion, adhesion performance in jellyfish, and monitoring various human motions assisted by artificial intelligence. Finally, this review underscores the critical role of the use of these sensors for our technical future for terrestrial and aquatic living species.