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Development of bio-graphite from waste coffee grounds via catalytic graphitization for sustainable Lithium ion batteries anodes

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100867

JeongA Kim, Donghyeon Yu, Daeup Kim, Jungpil Kim, Junghoon Yang

This study presents a sustainable approach to synthesizing carbon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using waste coffee grounds. Two types of carbon were prepared: disordered hard carbon (C-HC) via direct carbonization, and highly crystalline graphite-like carbon (C-AG) through iron-catalyzed graphitization at 1500 °C. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful transformation from disordered to graphitic carbon. The interlayer spacing decreased from 3.52 Å (C-HC) to 3.36 Å (C-AG), and the I_D/I_G ratio dropped from 1.20 to 0.05, indicating enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect density. C-AG exhibited a high reversible capacity of 286 mAh g⁻¹ and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 85.5 %, attributed to lithium intercalation through the staging mechanism in well-aligned graphene layers. In contrast, C-HC showed a lower capacity of 156 mAh g⁻¹ and an efficiency of 73.9 %, with lithium mainly stored at surface defects and disordered regions. Despite its lower capacity, C-HC demonstrated superior rate performance, retaining 58.0 % of its capacity at 1000 mA g⁻¹, compared to 18.6 % for C-AG. These results reveal a trade-off between structural crystallinity and rate capability, providing insights into the structure-property relationship in biomass-derived carbon anodes. This work demonstrates the feasibility of catalytic graphitization as a pathway to convert biowaste into high-performance graphite materials for energy storage applications.

{"title":"Development of bio-graphite from waste coffee grounds via catalytic graphitization for sustainable Lithium ion batteries anodes","authors":"JeongA Kim, Donghyeon Yu, Daeup Kim, Jungpil Kim, Junghoon Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a sustainable approach to synthesizing carbon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using waste coffee grounds. Two types of carbon were prepared: disordered hard carbon (C-HC) via direct carbonization, and highly crystalline graphite-like carbon (C-AG) through iron-catalyzed graphitization at 1500 °C. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful transformation from disordered to graphitic carbon. The interlayer spacing decreased from 3.52 Å (C-HC) to 3.36 Å (C-AG), and the I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio dropped from 1.20 to 0.05, indicating enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect density. C-AG exhibited a high reversible capacity of 286 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 85.5 %, attributed to lithium intercalation through the staging mechanism in well-aligned graphene layers. In contrast, C-HC showed a lower capacity of 156 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and an efficiency of 73.9 %, with lithium mainly stored at surface defects and disordered regions. Despite its lower capacity, C-HC demonstrated superior rate performance, retaining 58.0 % of its capacity at 1000 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, compared to 18.6 % for C-AG. These results reveal a trade-off between structural crystallinity and rate capability, providing insights into the structure-property relationship in biomass-derived carbon anodes. This work demonstrates the feasibility of catalytic graphitization as a pathway to convert biowaste into high-performance graphite materials for energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From graphene to MXenes: Harnessing the power of 2D materials for enhanced sodium-ion battery performance

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100866

Manjot Kaur , Piyush Sharma , Rameez Mir , Kamalpreet Kaur , Ram K. Sharma , Akshay Kumar

In the quest for sustainable energy storage solutions, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Among the key factors influencing the performance of SIBs, the choice of electrode materials stands out as a critical determinant. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in this regard owing to their unique properties and tunable characteristics. This comprehensive review delves into recent advancements in the application of various 2D materials for sodium-ion battery technologies. Specifically, we explore the utilization of graphene, phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and MXenes as electrode materials in SIBs. Through an in-depth analysis of the synthesis methods, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of these materials, this paper provides valuable insights into their potential for enhancing the energy storage capabilities of sodium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with the practical implementation of 2D materials in SIBs are discussed, along with perspectives on future research directions aimed at realizing efficient and scalable sodium-ion battery technologies.

{"title":"From graphene to MXenes: Harnessing the power of 2D materials for enhanced sodium-ion battery performance","authors":"Manjot Kaur , Piyush Sharma , Rameez Mir , Kamalpreet Kaur , Ram K. Sharma , Akshay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the quest for sustainable energy storage solutions, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Among the key factors influencing the performance of SIBs, the choice of electrode materials stands out as a critical determinant. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in this regard owing to their unique properties and tunable characteristics. This comprehensive review delves into recent advancements in the application of various 2D materials for sodium-ion battery technologies. Specifically, we explore the utilization of graphene, phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and MXenes as electrode materials in SIBs. Through an in-depth analysis of the synthesis methods, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of these materials, this paper provides valuable insights into their potential for enhancing the energy storage capabilities of sodium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with the practical implementation of 2D materials in SIBs are discussed, along with perspectives on future research directions aimed at realizing efficient and scalable sodium-ion battery technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An efficient charge-carrier separation in vanadium-based MXene ternary heterostructure with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic properties

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100865

Daniel Muvengei Mwangangi , Thollwana Andretta Makhetha , Jane Catherine Ngila , Langelihle Nsikayezwe Dlamini

Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) and zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn₂S₄) are among photocatalysts with excellent light absorption properties. However, single photocatalyst suffers from rapid charge carrier recombination. For improved photoelectrocatalytic properties, herein, we report fabrication of a novel S-scheme ternary heterostructure (V₂CT_x@WO₃/ZnIn₂S₄). Due to the high electrical conductivity of V₂CT_x MXene, its presence in the heterostructure offers efficient charge transfer kinetics at the interface. Monoclinic WO₃ and cubic ZnIn₂S₄ were confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy including crystallite size and micro-strain. Ternary composites demonstrated red shift in light absorption wavelength, with band gap energies as low as 1.58 eV compared to 2.21 for ZnIn₂S₄ and 2.55 eV for WO₃. Photoluminescence and electron impedance spectroscopy demonstrated effective charge separation with low charge transfer resistance by the ternary composite (5 % VWZ). Work functions for ZnIn₂S₄ (6.68 eV), WO₃ (7.08 eV), and V₂CT_x (8.70 eV) confirmed the creation of an internal electric field at the interface of the semiconductors. Electron migration occurred from ZnIn₂S₄ to WO₃ due to changes in binding energies as indicated by XPS data confirming S-scheme heterostructure.

三氧化钨（WO3）和硫化锌铟（ZnIn2S4）是具有优异光吸收特性的光催化剂。然而，单一光催化剂存在电荷载流子快速重组的问题。为了改善光电催化性能，我们在本文中报告了一种新型 S 型三元异质结构（V2CTx@WO3/ZnIn2S4）的制备方法。由于 V2CTx MXene 具有很高的导电性，它在异质结构中的存在为界面提供了高效的电荷转移动力学。单斜 WO3 和立方 ZnIn2S4 通过 X 射线衍射光谱（包括晶体尺寸和微应变）得到了证实。三元复合材料的光吸收波长发生了红移，带隙能低至 1.58 eV，而 ZnIn2S4 为 2.21 eV，WO3 为 2.55 eV。光致发光和电子阻抗光谱显示，三元复合材料（5% VWZ）具有有效的电荷分离和较低的电荷转移电阻。ZnIn2S4 (6.68 eV)、WO3 (7.08 eV) 和 V2CTx (8.70 eV) 的功函数证实在半导体界面上产生了内部电场。由于结合能的变化，电子从 ZnIn2S4 迁移到 WO3，XPS 数据证实了 S 型异质结构。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insights into diffusion-controlled 2D WSe2 growth via chemical vapor deposition in confined spaces

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100863

Yebin Lee , Naechul Shin

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in electronic and optoelectronic devices. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a primary technique for producing large-area monolayer TMDs, the use of metal oxide precursors with high melting points presents various synthetic limitations. As an alternative, metal salt-based precursors have emerged due to their water solubility and low melting points. However, challenges remain in obtaining high-quality TMDs from these liquid precursors to, largely due to a limited understanding of the precursor diffusion process. Here, we present a systematic study on spin-coated precursor-based CVD growth of WSe₂ in confined spaces, demonstrating a significant enhancement in the uniformity of domain size and number density through regulated precursor diffusion achieved by substrate covering. Furthermore, we show that microscopic precursor diffusion, both within and beyond the flake edges, influences edge morphologies and local optical emission properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the fabrication of large-area TMD monolayers, which hold promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications.

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引用次数: 0

Molecular caffeine electrode for hydrogen production using two or three electrode configurations in sulphuric acid electrolyte solution on a graphite's surface

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100864

Dieketseng Tsotetsi , Tumelo Seadira , Olayemi J. Fakayode , Mayetu Segale , Bakang Mothudi , Pontsho Mbule , Mokhotjwa Dhlamini

The surface modification of graphite electrodes for hydrogen production using caffeine was investigated in sulphuric acid electrolyte. Characterization of both the graphite and the modified graphite with caffeine was conducted using FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques. Additionally, an evaluation of hydrogen production was carried out using a direct current power supply set at various voltages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 V) and with an Autolab Workstation for cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scan voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometric analyses. A hydrogen evolution current of density of −1000 mA/cm² corresponding to −0.65 V (vs RHE) and 6.36 mA/cm² corresponding to 9.803 V (vs RHE) were achieved under two-electrode chronoamperometric evaluations and direct current power supply set-up, respectively.

引用次数: 0

Study on the dielectric properties of fluorinated graphene

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100862

Zixuan Gou , Weibin Xi , Wei Jiang , Zekai Zhang , Jinping Zhao , Jin Zhou , Yang Su

The rapid evolution of fifth-generation (5G) communication technology calls for next-generation packaging materials that not only excel in dielectric performance like dielectric constant and dielectric loss but push the demand for thermal stability. Here, we explore superhydrophobic fluorinated graphene (FG), revealing a remarkable combination of dielectric properties and thermal stability that make FG a standout candidate for electronic packaging in 5G applications. By fine-tuning the fluorine-to‑carbon (F/C) ratio in the FG, we have achieved a dielectric constant as low as 1.50 with an F/C ratio of 1.18, significantly lower than many conventional materials. Even more impressively, our FG exhibits an ultra-low dielectric loss of just 0.0037 at 10 MHz. Beyond its outstanding electrical performance, FG boasts exceptional thermal stability, with a decomposition temperature high to ∼500 °C, far surpassing standard polymers for packaging materials. Moreover, its hydrophobic nature remains stable in outdoor environments, cementing its reliability over time. With its low dielectric constant, minimal dielectric loss, high thermal resilience, and environmental durability, FG holds tremendous promise as a competitive candidate in advanced packaging materials for 5G technology.

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引用次数: 0

Development of sensitive Mn@TiO2/RGO nanocomposite-based sensor for the detection of sunset yellow in food samples

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100861

Venkatachalam Vinothkumar , Yellatur Chandra Sekhar , Shen-Ming Chen , Tae Hyun Kim

Sunset yellow (SSY) is a synthetic azo dye that is widely employed in the food industries to improve the appearance, color, and texture of products. However, excessive usage of SSY could lead to toxicity and pathogenicity to human health and food safety. Hence, a reliable and sensitive electrochemical sensor for SSY detection in food samples is essential. In this study, we utilized a simple and cost-effective sonochemical methodology to fabricate Mn@TiO₂/RGO nanocomposite for the sensitive electrochemical detection of SSY. The crystallinity, composition, and morphology of the as-prepared Mn@TiO₂/RGO nanocomposite were analyzed using various systematic analytical techniques. The integration of Mn@TiO₂ and RGO nanoarchitecture demonstrated a high specific surface area, better conductivity, and outstanding synergistic effect that significantly enhanced the current response and electron transfer rate of the electrode material. The modified glassy carbon electrode with Mn@TiO₂/RGO/GCE achieved a dynamic linear range of 0.02–535.62 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.028 μM in the determination of SSY using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Furthermore, the Mn@TiO₂/RGO/GCE sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility in detecting SSY. The practicality of the fabricated sensor was also proved by successfully detecting trace levels of SSY in candy and mixed fruit juice samples with acceptable recoveries. This work introduces a low-cost and synergistic approach of cost-effective Mn@TiO₂ combined with RGO for analyzing food colorants in commercial products.

{"title":"Development of sensitive Mn@TiO2/RGO nanocomposite-based sensor for the detection of sunset yellow in food samples","authors":"Venkatachalam Vinothkumar , Yellatur Chandra Sekhar , Shen-Ming Chen , Tae Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sunset yellow (SSY) is a synthetic azo dye that is widely employed in the food industries to improve the appearance, color, and texture of products. However, excessive usage of SSY could lead to toxicity and pathogenicity to human health and food safety. Hence, a reliable and sensitive electrochemical sensor for SSY detection in food samples is essential. In this study, we utilized a simple and cost-effective sonochemical methodology to fabricate Mn@TiO<sub>2</sub>/RGO nanocomposite for the sensitive electrochemical detection of SSY. The crystallinity, composition, and morphology of the as-prepared Mn@TiO<sub>2</sub>/RGO nanocomposite were analyzed using various systematic analytical techniques. The integration of Mn@TiO<sub>2</sub> and RGO nanoarchitecture demonstrated a high specific surface area, better conductivity, and outstanding synergistic effect that significantly enhanced the current response and electron transfer rate of the electrode material. The modified glassy carbon electrode with Mn@TiO<sub>2</sub>/RGO/GCE achieved a dynamic linear range of 0.02–535.62 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.028 μM in the determination of SSY using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Furthermore, the Mn@TiO<sub>2</sub>/RGO/GCE sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility in detecting SSY. The practicality of the fabricated sensor was also proved by successfully detecting trace levels of SSY in candy and mixed fruit juice samples with acceptable recoveries. This work introduces a low-cost and synergistic approach of cost-effective Mn@TiO<sub>2</sub> combined with RGO for analyzing food colorants in commercial products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual fluorescent and time-dependent two-dimensional molecular crystals (DFTD-2DMC) as the effective fluorescent probes for sensing trace water in THF

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100860

Deepak Dabur , Nallin Sharma , Priyanka Rana , Hui-Fen Wu

For the first time, we have synthesized the dual fluorescent and time-dependent 2-dimensional molecular crystals (DFTD-2DMCs) which is a novel type of pure organic molecule nanosheets that exhibit the features of distinctive optical characteristics (dual fluorescence) with the various structural confirmations while exploring the interaction of pentacene-quinone derivative (2P-1) with tetrahydrofuran (THF). A number of solvents with different polarities were investigated in order to check the feasibility to produce the DFTD-2DMCs. These DFTD-2DMCs are further employed as luminous water sensors with high sensitivity and varied luminescence centers due to their distinctive optical and structural features. The donor-accepter-donor type complexes 2DMC-1 and 2 with electron-rich phenyl groups display an intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) state and form aggregates when detecting trace water in THF. The luminescence is reduced after contact with water, allowing quantitative analysis to quantify the water amount. The DFTD-2DMCs' capacity as a highly sensitive water sensor in an organic solvent (THF) was first demonstrated in this study by the lowest LODs for THF with 2DMC-1 (0.05 %) and 2DMC-2 (0.01 %). This novel observation is a pioneering approach for opening a new type of sensor by using the DFTD-2DMC.

{"title":"Dual fluorescent and time-dependent two-dimensional molecular crystals (DFTD-2DMC) as the effective fluorescent probes for sensing trace water in THF","authors":"Deepak Dabur , Nallin Sharma , Priyanka Rana , Hui-Fen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the first time, we have synthesized the dual fluorescent and time-dependent 2-dimensional molecular crystals (DFTD-2DMCs) which is a novel type of pure organic molecule nanosheets that exhibit the features of distinctive optical characteristics (dual fluorescence) with the various structural confirmations while exploring the interaction of pentacene-quinone derivative (2P-1) with tetrahydrofuran (THF). A number of solvents with different polarities were investigated in order to check the feasibility to produce the DFTD-2DMCs. These DFTD-2DMCs are further employed as luminous water sensors with high sensitivity and varied luminescence centers due to their distinctive optical and structural features. The donor-accepter-donor type complexes 2DMC-1 and 2 with electron-rich phenyl groups display an intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) state and form aggregates when detecting trace water in THF. The luminescence is reduced after contact with water, allowing quantitative analysis to quantify the water amount. The DFTD-2DMCs' capacity as a highly sensitive water sensor in an organic solvent (THF) was first demonstrated in this study by the lowest LODs for THF with 2DMC-1 (0.05 %) and 2DMC-2 (0.01 %). This novel observation is a pioneering approach for opening a new type of sensor by using the DFTD-2DMC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New strategy for non-enzymatic determination of lactate via regeneration of cofactor NADH using flexible electrochemical sensors prepared with nitrogen-doped graphene oxide conductive ink

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100848

Ebrar Dokur, Ozge Gorduk, Yucel Sahin

This study presents a novel approach for non-enzymatic lactate detection by regenerating NADH using NAD⁺ instead of traditional enzymes or metal nanoparticles. The electrodes were fabricated from the developed conductive inks, demonstrating a clear correlation between the lactate concentration and NADH oxidation peak current. In this system, lactate functions not only as an analyte but also as a proton source, enhancing the regeneration of NADH during the electrochemical reduction of NAD⁺. The incorporation of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide into the conductive ink as a second proton source further improved NADH formation, increasing the overall efficiency of lactate detection. The electrodes were thoroughly characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrodes achieved detection limit of 2.11 μM for lactate. Importantly, the developed electrodes successfully detected lactate in artificial sweat samples, thereby highlighting their practical applicability. This research not only advances the field of electrochemical biosensing, but also opens new avenues for monitoring lactate levels in biological and clinical settings, showcasing the potential of enzyme-free detection methods.

本研究提出了一种非酶法检测乳酸盐的新方法，即利用 NAD+ 代替传统的酶或金属纳米粒子再生 NADH。电极由开发的导电油墨制成，乳酸盐浓度与 NADH 氧化峰值电流之间存在明显的相关性。在该系统中，乳酸盐不仅是一种分析物，还是一种质子源，在 NAD+ 的电化学还原过程中促进了 NADH 的再生。在导电墨水中加入掺氮氧化石墨烯作为第二个质子源，进一步改善了 NADH 的形成，提高了乳酸盐检测的整体效率。使用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗光谱法、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法和 X 射线光电子能谱法对电极进行了全面表征。电极对乳酸盐的检测限达到了 2.11 μM。重要的是，所开发的电极成功地检测了人工汗液样本中的乳酸盐，从而突出了其实用性。这项研究不仅推动了电化学生物传感领域的发展，还为监测生物和临床环境中的乳酸盐水平开辟了新途径，展示了无酶检测方法的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

MXenes in combination therapy: Chemo-photothermal, chemodynamic, and photothermal/photodynamic therapies for cancer treatment and antibacterial applications

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100849

Masoomeh Amoozadeh , Atefeh Zarepour , Arezoo Khosravi , Siavash Iravani , Ali Zarrabi

Two-dimensional MXenes and their derivatives have attracted significant attention in recent years for their potential applications in combination therapies, specifically in chemo-photothermal, chemodynamic, and photothermal/photodynamic treatments. MXenes offer distinct advantages in combination therapies due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and ability to enhance drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy through multifunctional applications. By incorporating MXenes into combination therapies, researchers have demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy through synergistic mechanisms that improve drug delivery, increase localized heating, and amplify the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby effectively targeting and eliminating cancer cells or contaminations. However, stability in biological environments remains a primary concern, as degradation can compromise their therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Ensuring biocompatibility is crucial, since the introduction of MXenes and their composites may trigger immune responses or cytotoxicity. Moreover, optimizing the synthesis of high-quality MXenes with uniform properties remains a logistical challenge, affecting reproducibility and scalability for clinical applications. By consolidating existing knowledge and identifying future directions, this review aims to advance MXene-based combination chemo-photothermal, chemodynamic, and photothermal/photodynamic therapies for cancer treatment and antibacterial applications, ultimately paving the way for innovative strategies in biomedicine and personalized medicine.

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引用次数: 0

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