Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is applied as an anti-corrosion coating to the surface of carbon steel which is prone to peeling and damage during use. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (h - BN) was non - covalently modified with polydopamine to prepare polydopamine - modified boron nitride (h - BN/PDA), which was then incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a PDMS/h - BN/PDA composite coating. The results revealed that the average friction coefficient of the modified composite coating was 0.43, the adhesion strength reached 0.61 MPa, and the performance was excellent in salt spray and electrochemical impedance tests. The incorporation of h-BN/PDA improved the defect issues of the PDMS coatings and enhanced the overall performance characteristics of the PDMS coatings.
{"title":"Preparation and properties of the PDMS/h-BN/PDA composite anti-corrosion coating on a carbon steel surface","authors":"Zhonglin Xiao, Shaochun Li, Zhijun Liu, Anjie Zhou, Yongjuan Geng, Kaixuan Zhang, Yancen Liu, Xiaoyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is applied as an anti-corrosion coating to the surface of carbon steel which is prone to peeling and damage during use. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (h - BN) was non - covalently modified with polydopamine to prepare polydopamine - modified boron nitride (h - BN/PDA), which was then incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a PDMS/h - BN/PDA composite coating. The results revealed that the average friction coefficient of the modified composite coating was 0.43, the adhesion strength reached 0.61 MPa, and the performance was excellent in salt spray and electrochemical impedance tests. The incorporation of h-BN/PDA improved the defect issues of the PDMS coatings and enhanced the overall performance characteristics of the PDMS coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100837
Sudeshana Pandey , Mukesh Ghimire , Taemin Kim , MooYoung Jung , Sankaiya Asaithambi , Wan Jae Dong , Ji-Won Son , Yong Ju Yun , Yongseok Jun
Electrocatalytic water splitting is a key process for sustainable energy generation, but its large-scale implementation is hindered by the slow kinetics of the hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). This study introduces a design strategy for two-dimensional (2-D) MXene and porous MXene (P-MXene) nanostructures to enhance water splitting efficiency. By employing advanced etching and structural engineering, P-MXene nano structures with optimized porosity and increased surface area are fabricated, which improving the active site density and promoting rapid ion diffusion. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrate significantly reduced overpotentials and enhanced current densities for both HER and OER, consistently, P-MXene catalyst resulted in the overpotential reduction suggestively by 45 mV for HER and 110 mV for OER at anodic and cathodic current density of 10 m A cm−2, compared to MXene, surpassing traditional noble-metal catalysts. Furthermore, the P-MXene/NF device delivers the stable current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting at 1.54 V and retained 92.2 % efficiency after 24 h. This work highlights the potential of porous MXene nanostructures in electrocatalysis, offering a scalable approach for the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for next-generation energy conversion systems.
{"title":"Synthesis of porous MXene for efficient bifunctional electrocatalysis in overall water splitting: Hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions","authors":"Sudeshana Pandey , Mukesh Ghimire , Taemin Kim , MooYoung Jung , Sankaiya Asaithambi , Wan Jae Dong , Ji-Won Son , Yong Ju Yun , Yongseok Jun","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic water splitting is a key process for sustainable energy generation, but its large-scale implementation is hindered by the slow kinetics of the hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). This study introduces a design strategy for two-dimensional (2-D) MXene and porous MXene (P-MXene) nanostructures to enhance water splitting efficiency. By employing advanced etching and structural engineering, P-MXene nano structures with optimized porosity and increased surface area are fabricated, which improving the active site density and promoting rapid ion diffusion. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrate significantly reduced overpotentials and enhanced current densities for both HER and OER, consistently, P-MXene catalyst resulted in the overpotential reduction suggestively by 45 mV for HER and 110 mV for OER at anodic and cathodic current density of 10 m A cm<sup>−2</sup>, compared to MXene, surpassing traditional noble-metal catalysts. Furthermore, the P-MXene/NF device delivers the stable current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for overall water splitting at 1.54 V and retained 92.2 % efficiency after 24 h. This work highlights the potential of porous MXene nanostructures in electrocatalysis, offering a scalable approach for the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for next-generation energy conversion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work was to study the catalytic performance of Bi2WO6-Fe3O4/rGO on the rhodamine B degradation using H2O2 activation with visible light. Characteristics of the Bi2WO6-Fe3O4/rGO catalyst were analyzed via various techniques. The results displayed that the optimum conditions (16 mg L−1 pollutant, nanocomposite value 0.8 g L−1, 2.6 mM H2O2, pH 5), the elimination efficiency of rhodamine B 96 % was obtained after 40 min. Moreover, the radical scavenger experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radical (OH•) and superoxide radical (O2∙-) contributed to the pollutant degradation, and OH• has a dominant role. In addition, Bi2WO6-Fe3O4/rGO exhibited the good stability and reusability. This study illustrated that the simultaneous presence of Bi2WO6-Fe3O4/rGO with H2O2 has a high potential for the degradation of organic pollutant.
{"title":"The catalytic performance of Bi2WO6-Fe3O4/rGO for the removal of rhodamine B under visible light","authors":"Meghdad Pirsaheb , Borhan Mansouri , Zeinab Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this work was to study the catalytic performance of Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO on the rhodamine B degradation using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation with visible light. Characteristics of the Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO catalyst were analyzed via various techniques. The results displayed that the optimum conditions (16 mg L<sup>−1</sup> pollutant, nanocomposite value 0.8 g L<sup>−1</sup>, 2.6 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, pH 5), the elimination efficiency of rhodamine B 96 % was obtained after 40 min. Moreover, the radical scavenger experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radical (OH<sup>•</sup>) and superoxide radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>∙-</sup>) contributed to the pollutant degradation, and OH<sup>•</sup> has a dominant role. In addition, Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO exhibited the good stability and reusability. This study illustrated that the simultaneous presence of Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub><strong>-</strong>Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> has a high potential for the degradation of organic pollutant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100836
Muhammad Mustafa , Shams Ur Rehman , Hui-Fen Wu
Hypertension and high blood pressure are significant global health issues, with increasing reliance on nifedipine for treatment. However, excessive use of nifedipine (NIF) poses serious risks to human health, the environment, and aquatic life, necessitating precise monitoring. This study reports the synthesis of two-dimensional Tin Tungsten Oxide (2D-TTO) heterojunction nanosheets via a solvothermal method followed by ultra-probe sonication, and their application as a fluorescence sensor for sensitive and selective detection of NIF. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis of 2D-TTO nanosheets revealed stable bluish-green fluorescence at 442 nm (λem) when excited at 360 nm (λex). After the characterization and optimization for the nanomaterials, the 2D-TTO fluorescence nanosheets were utilized to quantify NIF through fluorescence quenching. The NIF successfully quenched the fluorescence via the combination of electron and energy transfer mechanisms. The sensor achieved a detection limit (LOD) of 7.2 nM with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9979). Real-world applicability was validated using spiked human urine, river water, and pharmaceutical samples, demonstrating recovery rates of 95–106 %. These findings have demonstrated the power of heterojunction 2D-TTO nanosheets to act as a novel, label-free fluorescent sensor for accurate and reliable NIF detection in biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples, offering a superior method compared with the traditional dye-based fluorescence nanosensors or any other current liquid/solution state nanosensors as the 2D-TTO sensor is a solid-state nanosensor that is much more stable than those of the zero-dimensional nanosensors such as quantum dots or nanoclusters.
{"title":"Synthesis of two-dimensional SnO2-WO3 (2D-TTO) heterojunction Nanosheet and its application as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescence sensor for Nifedipine detection in biological and environmental samples","authors":"Muhammad Mustafa , Shams Ur Rehman , Hui-Fen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertension and high blood pressure are significant global health issues, with increasing reliance on nifedipine for treatment. However, excessive use of nifedipine (NIF) poses serious risks to human health, the environment, and aquatic life, necessitating precise monitoring. This study reports the synthesis of two-dimensional Tin Tungsten Oxide (2D-TTO) heterojunction nanosheets via a solvothermal method followed by ultra-probe sonication, and their application as a fluorescence sensor for sensitive and selective detection of NIF. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis of 2D-TTO nanosheets revealed stable bluish-green fluorescence at 442 nm (λem) when excited at 360 nm (λex). After the characterization and optimization for the nanomaterials, the 2D-TTO fluorescence nanosheets were utilized to quantify NIF through fluorescence quenching. The NIF successfully quenched the fluorescence via the combination of electron and energy transfer mechanisms. The sensor achieved a detection limit (LOD) of 7.2 nM with excellent linearity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9979). Real-world applicability was validated using spiked human urine, river water, and pharmaceutical samples, demonstrating recovery rates of 95–106 %. These findings have demonstrated the power of heterojunction 2D-TTO nanosheets to act as a novel, label-free fluorescent sensor for accurate and reliable NIF detection in biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples, offering a superior method compared with the traditional dye-based fluorescence nanosensors or any other current liquid/solution state nanosensors as the 2D-TTO sensor is a solid-state nanosensor that is much more stable than those of the zero-dimensional nanosensors such as quantum dots or nanoclusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single-site catalysts (SSCs) have aroused broad interests due to their maximized atomic efficiency and unique catalytic properties. The facile and controllable preparation of SSCs is always a challenging issue. Very recently, we reported the simplest construction of precious-metal single-site catalysts by the synergism of micropore trapping and nitrogen anchoring. Herein, we employed density functional theory modelling to systematically reveal the general mechanism behind this trapping strategy with the different sizes of micropores and metal complex anions. The results demonstrate that the carbon micropores can well trap the metal complex anions with the similar size and shape, since the micropore trapping effect comes from the synergism of the van der Waals force relating to the number of involved atoms and the electrostatic interaction from N dopants. The captured complex anions gradually get reduced at the micropores, and the final coordination is related to the reduction condition and the ligands of the complex anions. The deep theoretical insight into this strategy provides a new route to design the advanced SSCs by tuning the size and shape of carbon micropores to match the targeted metal complex anions, and regulating the ligands and reduction conditions to control the coordination environment.
{"title":"Construction of single-site catalysts by synergism of micropore trapping and nitrogen anchoring: A theoretical insight","authors":"Fujie Gao, Zhiyang Zhao, Yugang Chen, Xueyi Cheng, Lijun Yang, Xizhang Wang, Qiang Wu, Hongwen Huang, Zheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-site catalysts (SSCs) have aroused broad interests due to their maximized atomic efficiency and unique catalytic properties. The facile and controllable preparation of SSCs is always a challenging issue. Very recently, we reported the simplest construction of precious-metal single-site catalysts by the synergism of micropore trapping and nitrogen anchoring. Herein, we employed density functional theory modelling to systematically reveal the general mechanism behind this trapping strategy with the different sizes of micropores and metal complex anions. The results demonstrate that the carbon micropores can well trap the metal complex anions with the similar size and shape, since the micropore trapping effect comes from the synergism of the van der Waals force relating to the number of involved atoms and the electrostatic interaction from N dopants. The captured complex anions gradually get reduced at the micropores, and the final coordination is related to the reduction condition and the ligands of the complex anions. The deep theoretical insight into this strategy provides a new route to design the advanced SSCs by tuning the size and shape of carbon micropores to match the targeted metal complex anions, and regulating the ligands and reduction conditions to control the coordination environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Covalent organic framework (COF) materials since their inception in 2005 have seen extensive applications in various fields including environmental remediation, photo-catalysts, electrocatalysis and in integrated devices to improve thermal and mechanical stability besides their application in energy storage systems such as batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, we report easily synthesizable, low-cost, chemically stable amine-based COF/metal oxide composites to function as high-performance supercapacitor (SC) electrodes. A one-step hydrothermal method has been used for the facile synthesis of Hexamine-phenylenediamine (HPd) COF and three COF/metal oxide composites- HPd/MoO2, HPd/NiO, and HPd/ZnO, respectively. Initial characterization techniques employed included powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which show successful synthesis of the COF/metal oxide composites. The electrochemical investigation found the specific capacitances to be 181.1, 177.4, and 394.3 F/g for HPd/MoO2, HPd/NiO, and HPd/ZnO, respectively, at the current density of 0.5 A/g. The specific energy was found to be highest in the case of HPd/ZnO at 39.43 Wh/kg at 0.5 A/g. The work presents effective prospects for designing novel COF composites as electrode materials for SC applications.
{"title":"Designing of novel hexamine-phenylenediamine covalent organic framework - metal oxide composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors","authors":"Ishu Khatri , Priya Siwach , Latisha Gaba , Sajjan Dahiya , Rajesh Punia , A.S. Maan , Kuldeep Singh , I.M. Ashraf , Mohd. Shkir , Anil Ohlan","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalent organic framework (COF) materials since their inception in 2005 have seen extensive applications in various fields including environmental remediation, photo-catalysts, electrocatalysis and in integrated devices to improve thermal and mechanical stability besides their application in energy storage systems such as batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, we report easily synthesizable, low-cost, chemically stable amine-based COF/metal oxide composites to function as high-performance supercapacitor (SC) electrodes. A one-step hydrothermal method has been used for the facile synthesis of Hexamine-phenylenediamine (HPd) COF and three COF/metal oxide composites- HPd/MoO<sub>2</sub>, HPd/NiO, and HPd/ZnO, respectively. Initial characterization techniques employed included powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which show successful synthesis of the COF/metal oxide composites. The electrochemical investigation found the specific capacitances to be 181.1, 177.4, and 394.3 F/g for HPd/MoO<sub>2</sub>, HPd/NiO, and HPd/ZnO, respectively, at the current density of 0.5 A/g. The specific energy was found to be highest in the case of HPd/ZnO at 39.43 Wh/kg at 0.5 A/g. The work presents effective prospects for designing novel COF composites as electrode materials for SC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With millions of new cancer diagnoses annually, there is a pressing need for effective treatments. This review discusses innovative strategies in cancer therapy, aiming primarily at photothermal therapy (PTT) and its synergistic integration with various therapeutic modalities. PTT uses heat produced from light absorption to destroy tumor cells, and recent advancements in nanomaterials significantly enhance its efficacy, stability, and biocompatibility. Key innovations include the development of hybrid polymeric nanoparticles, quantum dots, gold nanorods, silica nanoparticles, and organic and inorganic dyes. These materials improve photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) through strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties, optimizing light absorption and thermal response. Advanced dye-based nanomaterials such as cyanine dyes and porphyrins bear an important role in this enhancement. The review emphasizes the importance of the tumor microenvironment in enabling targeted therapies and the development of conjugated polymers for localized treatment applications. Various approaches to augment PCE are discussed, including surface modification, using plasmonic materials, and incorporating photothermal agents into targeted delivery systems. By elucidating the synergistic interactions between PTT and complementary therapies, this article highlights the potential of nanomaterial-based strategies to revolutionize cancer treatment. The review advocates for multimodal approaches to overcome the drawbacks of current therapies, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy, improve patient quality of life, and minimize side effects.
{"title":"Synergistic combinational photothermal therapy-based approaches for cancer treatment","authors":"Gaurisha Alias Resha Ramnath Naik , Ashutosh Gupta , Deepanjan Datta , Mahesh More , Amrita Arup Roy , Ritu Kudarha , Paniz Hedayat , Sudheer Moorkoth , Srinivas Mutalik , Namdev Dhas","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With millions of new cancer diagnoses annually, there is a pressing need for effective treatments. This review discusses innovative strategies in cancer therapy, aiming primarily at photothermal therapy (PTT) and its synergistic integration with various therapeutic modalities. PTT uses heat produced from light absorption to destroy tumor cells, and recent advancements in nanomaterials significantly enhance its efficacy, stability, and biocompatibility. Key innovations include the development of hybrid polymeric nanoparticles, quantum dots, gold nanorods, silica nanoparticles, and organic and inorganic dyes. These materials improve photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) through strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties, optimizing light absorption and thermal response. Advanced dye-based nanomaterials such as cyanine dyes and porphyrins bear an important role in this enhancement. The review emphasizes the importance of the tumor microenvironment in enabling targeted therapies and the development of conjugated polymers for localized treatment applications. Various approaches to augment PCE are discussed, including surface modification, using plasmonic materials, and incorporating photothermal agents into targeted delivery systems. By elucidating the synergistic interactions between PTT and complementary therapies, this article highlights the potential of nanomaterial-based strategies to revolutionize cancer treatment. The review advocates for multimodal approaches to overcome the drawbacks of current therapies, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy, improve patient quality of life, and minimize side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100832
Khaled Abdou Ahmed Abdou Elsehsah , Zulkarnain Ahmad Noorden , Norhafezaidi Mat Saman , Noor Azlinda Ahmad , Mohd Faizal Hasan , Mohd Nazren Mohd Ghazali
Graphene aerogels (GAs) have emerged as promising materials for supercapacitor applications, yet traditional methods often fall short of achieving optimal surface modifications for enhanced electrochemical properties. The focus of the review is to explore the current techniques used in plasma treatment for GA, how these are effective, what can be done to improve the technology, and what further research is required to advance the field. Particular attention is given to oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments, which have shown significant improvements in specific capacitance and cycling stability. Hydrogen plasma treatment assimilates hydrogen atoms into graphene, potentially augmenting chemical reactivity and charge transfer. The introduction of nitrogen into graphene through plasma treatment results in the incorporation of nitrogen atoms, which causes changes in the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the material. This can lead to higher capacitance and enhanced cycling stability, which means improved retention after charge-discharge cycles. The existing techniques are primarily focused on reduced graphene oxide and other graphene fibers or GA, but the studies are minimal, and a consensus on the overall reliability in achieving high capacitance is also seen to be less precise. This work proposes future directions to facilitate the development of high-performance, plasma-treated GA supercapacitors.
{"title":"Enhancing graphene-based supercapacitors with plasma methods: A review","authors":"Khaled Abdou Ahmed Abdou Elsehsah , Zulkarnain Ahmad Noorden , Norhafezaidi Mat Saman , Noor Azlinda Ahmad , Mohd Faizal Hasan , Mohd Nazren Mohd Ghazali","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene aerogels (GAs) have emerged as promising materials for supercapacitor applications, yet traditional methods often fall short of achieving optimal surface modifications for enhanced electrochemical properties. The focus of the review is to explore the current techniques used in plasma treatment for GA, how these are effective, what can be done to improve the technology, and what further research is required to advance the field. Particular attention is given to oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments, which have shown significant improvements in specific capacitance and cycling stability. Hydrogen plasma treatment assimilates hydrogen atoms into graphene, potentially augmenting chemical reactivity and charge transfer. The introduction of nitrogen into graphene through plasma treatment results in the incorporation of nitrogen atoms, which causes changes in the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the material. This can lead to higher capacitance and enhanced cycling stability, which means improved retention after charge-discharge cycles. The existing techniques are primarily focused on reduced graphene oxide and other graphene fibers or GA, but the studies are minimal, and a consensus on the overall reliability in achieving high capacitance is also seen to be less precise. This work proposes future directions to facilitate the development of high-performance, plasma-treated GA supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100833
Weitao Zhang , Peisong Han , Yiqing Liu , Xiaoming Lin , Yongbo Wu
As a high-performance energy storage device, lithium-ion batteries have a wide range of applications in electronic devices, electric vehicles and renewable energy. However, with the increasing market demand, the requirements for energy density, cycle stability and safety of batteries are becoming increasingly stringent. In the anode of lithium-ion batteries, silicon‑carbon composites have a promising application in lithium-ion batteries because they combine the high-capacity properties of silicon with the stability and conductivity of carbon, effectively enhancing the performance of the battery. Carbon materials are a class of carbon materials composed of carbon elements with a variety of isotopes, which are widely used in electrochemistry and energy storage, such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene and so on. Among them, silicon/graphite composites have attracted much attention as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, there are still great challenges in terms of low silicon content, difficult compatibility between graphite and silicon interfaces, and cycling performance. Through strategies such as multi-component design, interfacial engineering and alloying, researchers can effectively improve their performance to meet the development needs of future battery technologies. This paper reviews the improvement strategies and research progress of silicon/graphite composites in lithium-ion batteries, and further delves into the optimization mechanisms and performance enhancement pathways of silicon/graphite composites.
{"title":"Improvement strategies and research progress of silicon/graphite composites in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Weitao Zhang , Peisong Han , Yiqing Liu , Xiaoming Lin , Yongbo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a high-performance energy storage device, lithium-ion batteries have a wide range of applications in electronic devices, electric vehicles and renewable energy. However, with the increasing market demand, the requirements for energy density, cycle stability and safety of batteries are becoming increasingly stringent. In the anode of lithium-ion batteries, silicon‑carbon composites have a promising application in lithium-ion batteries because they combine the high-capacity properties of silicon with the stability and conductivity of carbon, effectively enhancing the performance of the battery. Carbon materials are a class of carbon materials composed of carbon elements with a variety of isotopes, which are widely used in electrochemistry and energy storage, such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene and so on. Among them, silicon/graphite composites have attracted much attention as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, there are still great challenges in terms of low silicon content, difficult compatibility between graphite and silicon interfaces, and cycling performance. Through strategies such as multi-component design, interfacial engineering and alloying, researchers can effectively improve their performance to meet the development needs of future battery technologies. This paper reviews the improvement strategies and research progress of silicon/graphite composites in lithium-ion batteries, and further delves into the optimization mechanisms and performance enhancement pathways of silicon/graphite composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100833"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100831
Dong Wook Lee , Dae-Shik Seo
Ag-doped ZrO films were fabricated using a brush-based solution-coating process that integrated conventional film formation with alignment layer treatment in a single step. The films were doped with Ag at concentrations of 0, 10, and 20 wt%. Shear stress generated by brush-hair movements induced anisotropic micro- and nanogroove structures on the film surface, facilitating uniform liquid crystal (LC) alignment through geometric constraints. The LC alignment state was confirmed by polarized optical microscopy. The Ag-doped ZrO films exhibited a high polar anchoring energy of 1.82 × 10−3 J m−2 and minimal hysteresis, indicating a weak image-sticking effect. Additionally, these films demonstrated an optical transmittance of 83.5 %, making them suitable for optoelectronic applications. Overall, Ag doping enhances the functionality of ZrO films as uniform LC alignment layers and broadens their potential for LC device applications.
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