Functionalized carbohydrazide: Synthesis, insecticide evaluation, biological and histological studies of some new carbohydrazide derivatives against Spodoptera frugiperda

Fall armyworms, or Spodoptera frugiperda, are a major pest for numerous economically significant cultures. The majority of S. frugiperda control is still accomplished through the use of genetically modified plants and artificial chemicals, both of which have the potential to negatively impact no target animals. In order to further improve the insecticidal activity based on eco-friendly principles, we synthesized ten novel carbohydrazide derivatives and evaluated their insecticidal performance against S. frugiperda larvae in their second and fourth larval instars. A number of spectroscopic techniques, were used to verify the newly developed products' structural integrity. Target compound 10 was the most active, with an LC₅₀ of 2.14 mg/L for 2nd instar larvae and 15.33 mg/L for 4th instar larvae. In addition, some biological and histological characteristics of the demonstration compounds were also investigated. This work provides new insights into the production of carbohydrazide compounds and further supports the anti-proliferation of S. frugiperda.