Effects of electric vehicles on energy sharing for optimal sizing of solar PV and battery energy storage

Energy sharing for homes with electric vehicles (EVs) enhances sustainability by optimizing energy usage, reducing peak demand, and integrating renewable energy sources, thereby lowering costs and improving energy resilience. This study investigates the effects of EVs on optimal sizing problem of solar photovoltaic (SPV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) for grid-tied homes which participate in energy sharing schemes. In this paper, it is assumed that the energy is shared between two homes: home-1 as the prosumer which has an EV and intends to buy SPV and BESS, and house-2 which is a consumer. The optimization problem is formulated to achieve the minimum cost of electricity (COE) for home-1 and to reduce the COE for home-2 while taking consideration of the design constraints over the project lifespan. A rule-based energy management system is developed for different sets of configurations to compare the economic and operational results. The optimization is done by incorporating realistic annual data of the irradiance, temperature, load, and uncertainties of EV. The developed optimization technique is general in nature and can be used for any grid tied homes willing to share the electricity. Sensitivity analyses on costs of SPV-BESS, home energy demand, and grid export constraints are provided. Uncertainty analyses investigates the price of energy sharing and solar PV generation. The impact of various EV models with their respective battery capacity is also analyzed. The results show that the proposed energy-sharing methodology reduces the COE for prosumer and consumer by 1.2 ¢/kWh and 3.6 ¢/kWh, respectively.