Design and optimization of a high-speed maize seed guiding device based on DEM-CFD coupling method

This study designs a pneumatic seed delivery system for a high-speed corn planter based on the Venturi effect, aimed at improving seeding uniformity and efficiency. By utilizing an external blower to generate airflow, the seeds are accelerated within the seed tube, reducing collisions between seeds and achieving stable seed transport. The research adopts a gas–solid two-phase method to explore the effects of airflow rate and pressure on seed acceleration and delivery, revealing the principles of gas dynamics in seed transportation. DEM-CFD simulation technology, which integrates Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics, is employed to more accurately simulate the physical processes within the granular-fluid system, ensuring rapid acceleration and stable transport of seeds. Through response surface methodology (RSM), the structural parameters of the seed tube were optimized, identifying the main factors and optimal levels influencing seed delivery performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the newly designed seed tube significantly enhances seed movement speed and seeding uniformity under high-speed seeding conditions, confirming its potential application in high-precision planting.