Huan Li , Ting Zhang , Hui Su , Sui Xin Liu , Ying Qiang Shi , Lu Yao Wang , Dong Dong Xu , Jia Mao Zhou , Zhu Zi Zhao , Qi Yuan Wang , Steven Sai Hang Ho , Yao Qu , Jun Ji Cao
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Mass proportions of SNA [i.e., sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>)] in PM<sub>2.5</sub> gradually increased with air deterioration, while equivalent ratios of anions to cations also increased. The heterogeneous aqueous reactions and/or gas-phase homogeneous reactions promoted the formation of secondary inorganics, especially during the haze events. Rapid transformations of primary gaseous precursors to secondary pollutants could lead to the substantial formation of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. In terms of particle growth rate, the mass proportions of SNA in PM<sub>2.5</sub> decreased from General Growth (GG) to Explosive Growth (EG) events. Furthermore, the particle growth rates did not coincide with the pollution levels, while it occurred most frequently during the Transition Period, instead of the Polluted Period. The diurnal variation of SNA at different PM<sub>2.5</sub> growth rates has been discussed. The results of the Random Forest (RF) model showed that RH was an important factor for EG of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, while low RH was a reliable reason for the relatively low mass proportion of SNA. The results of this study could advance our understanding of particle growth and provide scientific evidence to support the establishment of unique air quality control measures under different pollution scenarios in Fenwei Plain, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Factors affecting the different growth rates of PM2.5:Evidence from composition variation, formation mechanisms, and importance analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions with case study in northern China\",\"authors\":\"Huan Li , Ting Zhang , Hui Su , Sui Xin Liu , Ying Qiang Shi , Lu Yao Wang , Dong Dong Xu , Jia Mao Zhou , Zhu Zi Zhao , Qi Yuan Wang , Steven Sai Hang Ho , Yao Qu , Jun Ji Cao\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120913\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>PM<sub>2.5</sub> affects air quality, therefore, understanding the mechanism of PM<sub>2.5</sub> growth is essential to figure out mitigation measures. 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In terms of particle growth rate, the mass proportions of SNA in PM<sub>2.5</sub> decreased from General Growth (GG) to Explosive Growth (EG) events. Furthermore, the particle growth rates did not coincide with the pollution levels, while it occurred most frequently during the Transition Period, instead of the Polluted Period. The diurnal variation of SNA at different PM<sub>2.5</sub> growth rates has been discussed. The results of the Random Forest (RF) model showed that RH was an important factor for EG of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, while low RH was a reliable reason for the relatively low mass proportion of SNA. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
PM2.5会影响空气质量,因此,了解PM2.5的增长机制对于制定减缓措施至关重要。研究人员在中国西北部的宝鸡市测量了细颗粒物(PM2.5)中水溶性无机离子(WSIIs)(包括阴离子和阳离子)的每小时实时浓度。在冬季监测期间,PM2.5 和大多数 WSII 的浓度呈现出相似的趋势。PM2.5 中 SNA [即硫酸盐 (SO42-)、硝酸盐 (NO3-)、铵 (NH4+)]的质量比例随着空气恶化而逐渐增加,同时阴阳离子的当量比也在增加。异相水反应和/或气相均相反应促进了二次无机物的形成,尤其是在雾霾事件期间。一次气态前体物向二次污染物的快速转化可导致 SO42- 和 NO3- 的大量形成。从颗粒增长速度来看,从一般增长(GG)事件到爆炸增长(EG)事件,SNA 在 PM2.5 中的质量比例都有所下降。此外,颗粒增长速度与污染水平并不一致,而在过渡时期而非污染时期出现得最频繁。讨论了不同 PM2.5 增长率下 SNA 的日变化。随机森林(RF)模型的结果表明,相对湿度是 PM2.5 EG 的一个重要因素,而相对湿度低则是 SNA 质量比例相对较低的一个可靠原因。本研究的结果可促进我们对颗粒物增长的理解,并为在中国汾渭平原不同污染情景下建立独特的空气质量控制措施提供科学依据。
Factors affecting the different growth rates of PM2.5:Evidence from composition variation, formation mechanisms, and importance analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions with case study in northern China
PM2.5 affects air quality, therefore, understanding the mechanism of PM2.5 growth is essential to figure out mitigation measures. Hourly real-time concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), including anions and cations, in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were measured in Baoji, northwest China. During the winter monitoring period, the concentrations of PM2.5 and most WSIIs exhibited similar trends. Mass proportions of SNA [i.e., sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+)] in PM2.5 gradually increased with air deterioration, while equivalent ratios of anions to cations also increased. The heterogeneous aqueous reactions and/or gas-phase homogeneous reactions promoted the formation of secondary inorganics, especially during the haze events. Rapid transformations of primary gaseous precursors to secondary pollutants could lead to the substantial formation of SO42− and NO3−. In terms of particle growth rate, the mass proportions of SNA in PM2.5 decreased from General Growth (GG) to Explosive Growth (EG) events. Furthermore, the particle growth rates did not coincide with the pollution levels, while it occurred most frequently during the Transition Period, instead of the Polluted Period. The diurnal variation of SNA at different PM2.5 growth rates has been discussed. The results of the Random Forest (RF) model showed that RH was an important factor for EG of PM2.5, while low RH was a reliable reason for the relatively low mass proportion of SNA. The results of this study could advance our understanding of particle growth and provide scientific evidence to support the establishment of unique air quality control measures under different pollution scenarios in Fenwei Plain, China.
期刊介绍:
Atmospheric Environment has an open access mirror journal Atmospheric Environment: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
Atmospheric Environment is the international journal for scientists in different disciplines related to atmospheric composition and its impacts. The journal publishes scientific articles with atmospheric relevance of emissions and depositions of gaseous and particulate compounds, chemical processes and physical effects in the atmosphere, as well as impacts of the changing atmospheric composition on human health, air quality, climate change, and ecosystems.