Spectroscopic characteristics and radiative parameters of Er+3 doped ternary lead bismuth tellurite glass: Judd–Ofelt analysis

Melt quenching was utilized to produce Er⁺³-doped lead–bismuth tellurite glasses with the following composition: (75-x) TeO₂–15 PbO–10 Bi₂O₃–xEr₂O₃, where x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mol%. The impact of Er³⁺ doping was assessed by analyzing its optical and physical properties. Using XRD, the non-crystalline character of the materials was determined. The density of the samples was increased from 6.387 to 6.528 g.cm⁻³. The absorption spectra show eight transition bands corresponding to the transitions from ⁴I_15/2 to ⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_11/2, ⁴I_9/2, ⁴F_9/2, ⁴S_3/2, ²H_11/2, ⁴F_7/2 and ⁴F_5/2, respectively. Judd–Ofelt theory was utilized to compute both the experimental and calculated oscillator strengths. The trends of the intensity parameters are as follows: Ω₂ > Ω₆ > Ω₄. A total of three emission bands were detected in the spectrum of fluorescence. The green transition ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 is the strongest among other transitions. To ascertain the color coordinates, the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram was applied. 95.11% was the maximum quantum efficiency for the transition ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2. The findings indicate that TPBE2 glass exhibits considerable potential as a material for photonic applications and the production of laser optical systems.