Understanding older adults’ needs for and perceptions of shared autonomous vehicle interior features: A focus group and user enactment study

Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) can help older adults maintain mobility and independence throughout the later stages of life. However, research is critically needed to assess the design of SAV interior features and quantify potential mobility challenges for older populations. This paper presents a study that adopted a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the needs and perceptions of adults aged 65 years and older regarding interior features of SAVs during user enactment, and offers data-driven insights on task performance to inform design decisions. Thirty participants interacted with an SAV mock-up and participated in subsequent focus group discussions regarding their interaction experiences and general perceptions of SAV. Quantitative video-based time-motion analysis and qualitative thematic analysis of the focus group discussion highlighted concerns related to a) ingress and egress accessibility; b) seat and cabin comfort; c) appropriate social interactions with co-riders; and d) SAV operational functionality. Staggered seating arrangements and multi-functional use of available space were preferred features. The analysis also identified potential improvements, such as the inclusion of additional handholds and efficient HVAC systems, and underscored the need for central monitoring for emergency interventions during SAV operations. Ultimately, findings from this research can provide valuable insights for researchers and engineers to design equitable transportation solutions tailored to a broad range of traveler abilities and needs.