Applied Ergonomics最新文献

Passive exoskeletons in healthcare practice: Usability and acceptance in a clinical setting 医疗保健实践中的被动式外骨骼：临床环境中的可用性和接受度

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104746

Britta Exner , Stefan Waßmann , Dana Gück , Fabian Frielitz

Background

Exoskeletons are gaining interest as ergonomic tools, but healthcare tasks’ variability, hygiene standards, and emergency demands pose challenges. Despite the high rate of musculoskeletal disorders, it remains unclear how feasible exoskeletons are in clinical practice.

Methods

In a clinical field trial at University Hospital Magdeburg, 17 healthcare professionals tested a passive exoskeleton over two months. Participants chose when to wear it. Data included wear duration, questionnaires on usability, support, comfort, technology affinity, and semi-structured interviews.

Results

Participants wore the exoskeleton for 312 h total (average 20 h/person across three shifts), mostly for specific tasks. All found it easy to use, but support and comfort ratings varied. Some noted improved posture and back stability; others reported discomfort and restricted movement. The mean overall rating was 2.7 ± 0.99 (German school grading). Further research is needed on long-term effects and task-specific use. A return on investment is possible if at least 18.5 sick days of a nurse per year are prevented, with purchase costs expected to drop. In settings with staff shortages, indirect effects may lower this threshold to 2.7 days.

骨骼作为人体工程学工具越来越受到关注，但医疗保健任务的可变性、卫生标准和紧急需求带来了挑战。尽管肌肉骨骼疾病的发病率很高，但外骨骼在临床实践中的可行性仍不清楚。方法在马格德堡大学医院进行的一项临床现场试验中，17名医疗保健专业人员对被动式外骨骼进行了为期两个月的测试。参与者可以选择何时佩戴。数据包括磨损时间、可用性、支持度、舒适度、技术亲和力问卷调查和半结构化访谈。结果：参与者穿戴外骨骼共312小时（平均每人20小时，三班倒），主要用于特定任务。所有人都认为它很容易使用，但支持度和舒适度评分各不相同。一些人注意到姿势和背部稳定性有所改善；其他人则表示身体不适，活动受限。平均总体评分为2.7±0.99（德国学校评分）。需要对长期影响和特定任务使用进行进一步研究。如果每年至少避免一名护士请18.5天病假，购买成本有望下降，投资回报是可能的。在人员短缺的情况下，间接影响可能会将这一阈值降低到2.7天。

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引用次数: 0

A work systems approach to characterizing emergency department disposition decision-making under low and high demand 低需求和高需求情况下急诊科处置决策特征的工作系统方法。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104737

Rachel A. Rutkowski , Michael S. Pulia , Megan E. Salwei , Emma Loveless , Lily Jaeger , Michael Rawson , Kathryn L. Wust , Peter L.T. Hoonakker , Barbara J. King , Manish N. Shah , Brian W. Patterson , Paula vW. Dáil , Maureen Smith , Pascale Carayon , Nicole E. Werner

Emergency department (ED) clinical decision-making, specifically for transfer or disposition decisions, has been challenging to characterize. The purpose of this descriptive study is to identify the work system elements that influence the ED disposition decision-making process and to identify those work system elements that vary under low and high demands. We conducted a work systems analysis of 20 contextual inquiry-based ED visit observations and 18 semi-structured interviews with ED clinicians. Results identified work system elements not previously characterized (i.e., physical environment) and revealed that a subset of elements within the ED work system vary with demand. To fully elucidate the meaning and effect of these differences, we must develop a systematic approach to eliciting the influence each work system element has on disposition decision-making process performance.

急诊科（ED）的临床决策，特别是转移或处置决定，一直具有挑战性的特征。本描述性研究的目的是识别影响ED处置决策过程的工作系统要素，并识别在低要求和高要求下变化的工作系统要素。我们对20个基于上下文询问的急诊科访问观察和18个与急诊科临床医生的半结构化访谈进行了工作系统分析。结果确定了以前未被描述的工作系统元素（即物理环境），并揭示了ED工作系统中元素的子集随着需求而变化。为了充分阐明这些差异的意义和影响，我们必须开发一种系统的方法来引出每个工作系统元素对处置决策过程绩效的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the integration of large language models in human-robot collaboration: Effects on performance, mental stress, and trust 探索人机协作中大型语言模型的集成：对绩效、精神压力和信任的影响。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104736

Bingyi Su, Fangyuan Cheng, Lu Lu, Liwei Qing, SeHee Jung, Xu Xu

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into robotic systems, understanding their influence on human-robot collaboration (HRC) is critical for designing effective and user-centered human-robot interactions. This study investigates the impact of LLM-enhanced robotic systems on users’ performance, mental stress, and trust during collaborative tasks. Participants engaged in two representative HRC scenarios, including object delivery and instruction following, under two experimental conditions: with and without LLM support. Performance was measured through task completion time and number of verbal commands; mental stress was assessed using both subjective (NASA-TLX) and objective (galvanic skin response, GSR) measures; and trust was evaluated through the SHAPE Trust Index and eye-tracking metrics (blink rate and duration). Results showed that LLM integration significantly improved task efficiency and reduced subjective mental stress, particularly mental demand, effort, and frustration. Participants also reported higher levels of trust in the LLM condition across dimensions such as usefulness, reliability, accuracy, and ease of use. Interestingly, GSR data indicated elevated physiological arousal, possibly suggesting increased engagement or positive emotional activation, while eye-tracking measures showed no significant differences. These findings highlight the potential of LLMs to enhance HRC by enabling more natural communication, reducing mental workload, and increasing user trust, while also pointing to the need for improved system transparency to support deeper understanding and sustained trust.

随着大型语言模型（llm）越来越多地集成到机器人系统中，了解它们对人机协作（HRC）的影响对于设计有效的、以用户为中心的人机交互至关重要。本研究探讨了llm增强机器人系统对协作任务中用户表现、精神压力和信任的影响。在有和没有LLM支持的两种实验条件下，参与者参与了两个具有代表性的HRC场景，包括对象交付和指令遵循。表现通过任务完成时间和口头命令的数量来衡量；采用主观（NASA-TLX）和客观（皮肤电反应，GSR）测量方法评估精神压力；通过SHAPE信任指数和眼动追踪指标（眨眼频率和持续时间）来评估信任度。结果表明，LLM整合显著提高了任务效率，降低了主观心理压力，特别是心理需求、努力和挫折感。参与者还报告说，在有用性、可靠性、准确性和易用性等维度上，他们对LLM条件的信任度更高。有趣的是，GSR数据显示了生理唤醒的提高，可能表明增加了参与或积极的情绪激活，而眼动追踪测量显示没有显著差异。这些发现强调了法学硕士通过实现更自然的沟通、减少心理工作量和增加用户信任来提高HRC的潜力，同时也指出了提高系统透明度以支持更深层次的理解和持续信任的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

The psychological refractory period effect in an intelligent mine monitoring task 智能矿井监测任务中的心理不应期效应。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104740

Rongjuan Zhu , Peiyu Liu , Huan Zhu , Shitong Han , Yaqi Wu , Qi Hui , Yuan Li , Xuqun You

In intelligent mining monitoring operations, operators are often required to perform multiple tasks, either simultaneously or sequentially, within a short time frame. However, the limits of individuals’ cognitive resources may lead to delayed responses on the second and subsequent tasks, also known as the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect. This study investigates the impacts of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), spatial presentation layout, and task load on the PRP effect in a simulated intelligent mining monitoring task. Across three experiments, a clear PRP effect was consistently observed in the secondary task (T2), with reaction times decreasing as SOA increased. Although the spatial presentation layout of the tasks did not directly alter the PRP effect for T2, it did significantly affect reaction times for both tasks, with faster responses observed when tasks were presented in the right visual hemifield. In addition, manipulating cognitive load revealed that high load conditions for T1 led to a noticeable PRP effect on T2, while both high and low load conditions for T2 similarly produced the PRP effect on T2. These findings underscore the necessity of applying ergonomic principles to the design of monitoring systems, specifically for optimizing task layout and managing task load to reduce cognitive bottlenecks in high-demand environments like intelligent mining.

在智能采矿监测作业中，操作员通常需要在短时间内同时或依次执行多项任务。然而，个体认知资源的有限性可能导致第二项及后续任务的反应延迟，也称为心理不应期（PRP）效应。在模拟智能采矿监控任务中，研究了刺激启动异步（SOA）、空间呈现布局和任务负载对PRP效应的影响。在三个实验中，在次要任务（T2）中一致观察到明显的PRP效应，随着SOA的增加，反应时间减少。虽然任务的空间呈现布局并没有直接改变T2的PRP效应，但它确实显著影响了两个任务的反应时间，当任务在右半视区呈现时，观察到反应更快。此外，对认知负荷的操纵表明，T1的高负荷条件会对T2产生显著的PRP效应，而T2的高负荷和低负荷条件同样会对T2产生PRP效应。这些发现强调了将人体工程学原理应用于监测系统设计的必要性，特别是优化任务布局和管理任务负载，以减少智能采矿等高需求环境中的认知瓶颈。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a markerless motion capture to measure 3D joint kinematics during occupational lifting tasks using mobile devices 评估无标记运动捕捉测量三维关节运动学期间使用移动设备的职业提升任务。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104743

Mina Salehi , Ali Taheri , Seobin Choi , Jeong Ho Kim

Recent advances in human pose estimation (HPE) have enabled markerless motion capture (MoCap) techniques as a promising alternative to traditional marker-based MoCap systems. However, most HPE algorithms only provide sparse video keypoints, which are insufficient to estimate joint angles in all anatomical planes according to biomechanical guidelines. OpenCap, an open-source smartphone-based markerless MoCap platform, addresses this limitation using a deep learning model (named the marker augmenter) that predicts dense anatomical markers from sparse video keypoints. However, it has shown lower performance for activities not included in its training dataset, such as occupational lifting tasks. In this study, we adapted the original marker augmentation model of OpenCap and proposed a task-specific model for occupational lifting, trained on a large and diverse dataset of manual lifting tasks. The proposed model reduced both kinematic errors (mean RMSE = 9.45° vs. 15.04°) and error variability (SD = 7.26° vs. 16.13°) compared to the original model. These findings suggest that OpenCap can be adapted for occupational lifting tasks, offering a low-cost, easy-to-use, and field-viable solution to collect 3D lifting kinematics for ergonomics applications.

人体姿态估计（HPE）的最新进展使无标记动作捕捉（MoCap）技术成为传统的基于标记的MoCap系统的有前途的替代方案。然而，大多数HPE算法仅提供稀疏的视频关键点，不足以根据生物力学准则估计所有解剖平面上的关节角度。OpenCap是一个开源的基于智能手机的无标记动作捕捉平台，它使用深度学习模型（命名为标记增强器）来解决这一限制，该模型可以从稀疏的视频关键点预测密集的解剖标记。然而，对于未包含在其训练数据集中的活动，例如职业举重任务，它的表现较低。在本研究中，我们改编了OpenCap的原始标记增强模型，并提出了一个针对职业起重的任务特定模型，该模型在一个大型和多样化的手动起重任务数据集上进行了训练。与原始模型相比，所提出的模型降低了运动学误差（平均RMSE = 9.45°vs. 15.04°）和误差变异性（SD = 7.26°vs. 16.13°）。这些发现表明，OpenCap可以适用于职业起重任务，为人体工程学应用收集3D起重运动学提供了低成本、易于使用和现场可行的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of United States firefighters’ personal protective equipment on mobility and functional task performance: A scoping review 美国消防员个人防护装备对机动性和功能性任务绩效的影响：范围审查。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104730

Kuanting Chen , Kyle Holland , Margaret J. Foster , Jennifer M. Yentes

This scoping review aims to synthesize existing evidence investigating the impact of firefighters' personal protective equipment (PPE) on mobility and performance in the United States. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews, five databases were searched, and fifteen articles meeting the criteria were reviewed. Findings revealed that PPE impaired firefighters’ dynamic balance (4 of 4 studies), static range of motion (all 4 studies showed various degrees of limitations), gait (3 of 3 studies), and subjective perceptions of comfort and movement ease (5 of 5 studies). In contrast, all studies investigating static balance and firefighting task completion time showed these performances were unaffected, although evidence in these areas remains limited. Factors influencing mobility and performance in PPE included gear fit, design features, wear conditions, and firefighter fitness levels. This review highlighted the importance of high physical fitness among firefighters and the need for end-user wear trials in gear design and evaluation.

这一范围审查的目的是综合现有的证据调查消防员的个人防护装备（PPE）对流动性和性能的影响在美国。根据范围审查的首选报告项目，搜索了5个数据库，并审查了15篇符合标准的文章。研究结果显示，PPE损害了消防员的动态平衡（4项研究中的4项）、静态活动范围（所有4项研究都显示出不同程度的限制）、步态（3项研究中的3项）以及对舒适度和运动轻松度的主观感知（5项研究中的5项）。相比之下，所有关于静态平衡和消防任务完成时间的研究都表明，这些性能不受影响，尽管这些领域的证据仍然有限。影响PPE机动性和性能的因素包括装备适合度、设计特点、磨损条件和消防员的健康水平。这篇综述强调了消防员高身体素质的重要性，以及在齿轮设计和评估中进行最终用户磨损试验的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Guidelines for developing digital triage tools to mitigate workload challenges: A scoping review 开发数字分类工具以减轻工作负载挑战的指南：范围审查

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104742

Jihyun Kim , Junho Park

Digital technologies are increasingly adopted in medical triage to address healthcare providers’ workload; however, workload-related effects remain insufficiently understood. This scoping review synthesizes how workload has been conceptualized, addressed, and evaluated in technology-supported medical triage. Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, six databases were searched (2020–2025), yielding 16 empirical studies across diverse triage contexts. The findings indicate that workload has been predominantly used as contextual justification rather than as an explicit evaluation target. Digital technologies were primarily evaluated using self-reported or performance-based methods, with workload-related implications inferred. No study systematically incorporated physiological workload measures. Although these technologies often improved performance, they did not consistently reduce workload and, in some cases, introduced additional demands. Technology interventions tended to redistribute rather than reduce workload. This review provides a foundation for evaluating workload in ways aligned with the intended functions of digital triage technologies, informing their human-centered design and evaluation.

数字技术越来越多地用于医疗分类，以解决医疗保健提供者的工作量；然而，与工作量相关的影响仍然没有得到充分的了解。此范围审查综合了在技术支持的医疗分类中如何对工作量进行概念化、处理和评估。遵循乔安娜布里格斯研究所的方法和PRISMA-ScR指南，检索了六个数据库（2020-2025），在不同的分类背景下产生了16项实证研究。调查结果表明，工作量主要被用作背景理由，而不是作为明确的评价指标。数字技术主要使用自我报告或基于绩效的方法进行评估，并推断出与工作量相关的影响。没有研究系统地纳入生理工作量测量。虽然这些技术经常提高性能，但它们并没有始终减少工作负载，而且在某些情况下还引入了额外的需求。技术干预倾向于重新分配而不是减少工作量。这篇综述为评估工作量提供了基础，以与数字分类技术的预期功能相一致的方式，为其以人为本的设计和评估提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of body mass index on foot shape among U.S. children 美国儿童体重指数对足型的影响

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104741

Hayoung Jung, Byoung-Keon D. Park, Sheila M. Ebert, Monica L.H. Jones, Matthew P. Reed

Understanding the three-dimensional shape of children's feet is valuable for designing appropriate footwear and orthotic devices, tracking growth trajectories, and supporting foot health and development. The most important anthropometric change in the U.S. in recent years is the increase in body mass at every age, but the effects of these trends on child foot shapes have not previously been studied. To address this gap, we collected high-resolution, three-dimensional (3d) foot surface data from 490 children ages 3–17 years across body mass index (BMI) from 12.4 to 52.6 kg/m² and developed a statistical foot shape model to analyze the variations in foot morphology related to BMI. After accounting for age effects, a higher BMI was associated with differences in foot dimensions, including broader foot width, greater circumference, and increased thickness, as well as a larger cross-sectional area and volume. Higher BMI was also associated with lower arch height. Specific foot regions, including the medial and lateral sides, arch, and instep, showed more substantial shape differences with varying BMI levels. The observed differences were most pronounced in older children, with 10- and 17-year-olds showing the greatest discrepancy in foot dimensions. Differences in foot shape between median and 95th percentile BMI were much higher than the differences between the 5th percentile and median BMI, particularly concentrated in the hindfoot and anterior ankle area. This study provides the first comprehensive three-dimensional analysis of children's foot shape variations in relation to BMI, compared to previous research that focused primarily on linear dimensions. The findings suggest that the increasing body mass among children may necessitate the redesign of footwear to ensure a good fit. The foot shape model can be used to estimate foot shapes from demographic data, accurately fit low-resolution foot scan data, and aid in the design of footwear and orthotic devices. Future research should aim to collect more data from young children with high BMI, improve the representation of population subgroups, and include consideration of dynamic effects. The children's foot model is publicly available online at https://HumanShape.org/ChildFoot.

了解儿童足部的三维形状对于设计合适的鞋类和矫形器，跟踪生长轨迹，支持足部健康和发展是有价值的。近年来，美国最重要的人体测量变化是每个年龄段的体重都在增加，但这些趋势对儿童足型的影响以前没有研究过。为了解决这一差距，我们收集了490名3-17岁儿童的高分辨率三维足面数据，这些儿童的身体质量指数（BMI）从12.4到52.6 kg/m2不等，并建立了一个统计足形模型来分析足部形态与BMI相关的变化。在考虑了年龄的影响后，较高的BMI与脚尺寸的差异有关，包括更宽的脚宽、更大的周长、更厚的厚度，以及更大的横截面积和体积。BMI越高，足弓高度越低。特定的足部区域，包括内侧和外侧、足弓和脚背，在不同的BMI水平下显示出更大的形状差异。观察到的差异在年龄较大的孩子中最为明显，10岁和17岁的孩子在脚的尺寸上表现出最大的差异。BMI中位数与第95百分位之间的足型差异远高于BMI中位数与第5百分位之间的差异，尤其集中在后脚和踝关节前区。与之前主要关注线性维度的研究相比，这项研究首次对儿童足形变化与BMI的关系进行了全面的三维分析。研究结果表明，儿童体重的增加可能需要重新设计鞋子，以确保鞋子的合脚。脚型模型可用于从人口统计数据中估计脚型，准确拟合低分辨率足部扫描数据，并有助于设计鞋类和矫形器。未来的研究应旨在收集更多来自高BMI幼儿的数据，提高人口亚组的代表性，并考虑动态效应。儿童足部模型可在https://HumanShape.org/ChildFoot上公开获取。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological data-driven models for motion sickness prediction 晕动病预测的生理数据驱动模型。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104739

Daniel Sousa Schulman , Bradley Kerr , Srikanth Kolachalama , Siyuan Yin , Jedidiah Pienkney , Michael Wachsman , Nishant Jalgaonkar , Ruimin Gao , Monica L.H. Jones , Shorya Awtar

With advances in autonomous vehicle technology and in-cabin occupant monitoring systems, prediction of motion sickness (MS) has emerged as a key challenge to improve passenger experience. In this paper, a framework for MS prediction is proposed leveraging classification algorithms and timeseries physiological data, including blood volume pulse, electrodermal activity, and neck surface electromyography. The dataset used for model training contains over 1500 min of in-vehicle data, three test conditions, and a range of subject demographics. Model predictions were able to achieve 81% accuracy for binary classification (sick or not sick) and 58% for ternary classification (low, moderate or high sickness). In addition, feature importance analysis identified electrodermal activity and surface electromyography as the most relevant data streams for MS prediction. Finally, the paper analyzed the temporal dependency of physiological data on MS response and found that physiological data can precede a subject’s self-reporting of MS by up to 180 s.

随着自动驾驶汽车技术和车内乘员监控系统的进步，晕动病（MS）的预测已成为改善乘客体验的关键挑战。本文提出了一种利用分类算法和时间序列生理数据（包括血容量脉冲、皮电活动和颈表肌电图）预测多发性硬化症的框架。用于模型训练的数据集包含超过1500分钟的车内数据，三个测试条件和一系列受试者人口统计数据。模型预测在二元分类（生病或不生病）方面能够达到81%的准确率，在三元分类（低、中、高疾病）方面能够达到58%的准确率。此外，特征重要性分析确定皮电活动和表面肌电图是MS预测最相关的数据流。最后，本文分析了生理数据对MS反应的时间依赖性，发现生理数据可以比受试者的MS自我报告早180秒。

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引用次数: 0

Soldier load carriage: Does the type of pack matter? 士兵载车：背包的类型重要吗？

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2026.104733

Robin Orr , Jacques Rousseau , Elisa F.D. Canetti , Ben Schram

How a soldier's load is carried can elicit different physical and physiological costs on the carrier. As such, this study aimed to profile and compare the impacts of three different load carriage backpack systems on physical and physiological outcomes during and following a load carriage march. Twelve soldiers were randomly allocated to one of three pack variants (Variant A, B, or C) using a Latin Square design and completed three 5 km load carriage marches (30 kg at 5.5 km/h) over three separate sessions wearing the different Variants for each march. Outcome measures during the march were heart rate and oxygen consumption and pre and post march were a counter movement jump, grip strength, and postural sway. There were no significant differences (p > 0.01) in any of the objective outcome measures across pack Variants. These results suggest that load weight will impact on the physical and physiological costs associated with load carriage to a greater extent than military backpack design.

士兵负重的搬运方式会引起不同的生理和生理成本。因此，本研究旨在描述和比较三种不同的负重背包系统在负重行军期间和之后对身体和生理结果的影响。12名士兵随机分配到三种背包变体（变体A， B或C）中的一种，使用拉丁方阵设计，并在每次行军中穿着不同的变体完成三次5公里的负重行军（30公斤，5.5公里/小时）。游行期间的结果测量是心率和耗氧量，游行前后是反动作跳跃、握力和姿势摇摆。在不同的组变体中，任何客观结果测量均无显著差异（p < 0.01）。这些结果表明，与军用背包设计相比，负载重量将在更大程度上影响与负载携带相关的物理和生理成本。

引用次数: 0