Innovations in carbon nanotube polymer composites: Electrical, thermal, and mechanical advancements for aerospace and automotive applications

This review critically examines recent advancements in carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites, focusing on innovative synthesis, functionalization, and fabrication strategies that enhance their mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Special emphasis is placed on their applications in aerospace and automotive industries, where these composites have demonstrated the potential to achieve weight reductions of up to 40% and fuel efficiency improvements of 20–25%. This work identifies key challenges, such as achieving uniform CNT dispersion and robust interfacial bonding, while addressing scalability issues in large-scale production. Comparative evaluations with traditional materials underscore the environmental and performance benefits of CNT composites. A comprehensive analysis of advanced fabrication techniques, along with a detailed summary table, provides technical insights and outlines pathways for future research and industrial implementation. This review aims to guide the development of next-generation lightweight, high-performance materials for critical engineering applications.