Synthetic Metals最新文献

Novel tetrapod-structured cerium-MOF/GO edifices in a redox-additive electrolyte for high-performance smart supercapacitors

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117871

Shruti Rialach , Sanjeev Gautam , Navdeep Goyal , Surinder Paul

The increasing demand for efficient energy storage systems has driven research into high-performance advanced materials for supercapacitors. Current advancement in the creation of smart supercapacitors leads to the introduction of Cerium-(Metal-Organic-Frameworks)/Graphene Oxide (Ce-MOF/GO) edifices as active electrode materials, investigating two distinct morphologies of the MOF precursor. Structural transformations were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement, which confirmed the formation of Ce-MOF/GO. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed uniformly dispersed tetrapod-structured Ce-2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid/GO (CDG) and rod-structured Ce-1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid/GO (CTG) crystallites within the GO matrix, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the oxygen-comprising functional groups attached to their surface. The electrochemical performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a redox-additive electrolyte, for which CDG demonstrated noteworthy performance based on various parameters, owing to its tetrapod structure which furnishes greater surface area and more active sites, leveraging ion diffusion and redox reactions. CDG demonstrated an outstanding specific capacitance of 2372.08 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, and a high energy density of 766.84 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 4.00 kW kg⁻¹, in the redox-additive [KOH + KFC] electrolyte, whilst retaining 94.83 % of the initial capacitance after 10,000 charging/discharging cycles. These findings underscore the potential of Ce-MOF/GO composites, particularly CDG, making it a promising candidate for next-generation smart supercapacitors, with applications ranging from sustainable energy solutions to adaptive, intelligent devices in modern electronics.

{"title":"Novel tetrapod-structured cerium-MOF/GO edifices in a redox-additive electrolyte for high-performance smart supercapacitors","authors":"Shruti Rialach , Sanjeev Gautam , Navdeep Goyal , Surinder Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for efficient energy storage systems has driven research into high-performance advanced materials for supercapacitors. Current advancement in the creation of smart supercapacitors leads to the introduction of Cerium-(Metal-Organic-Frameworks)/Graphene Oxide (Ce-MOF/GO) edifices as active electrode materials, investigating two distinct morphologies of the MOF precursor. Structural transformations were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement, which confirmed the formation of Ce-MOF/GO. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed uniformly dispersed tetrapod-structured Ce-2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid/GO (CDG) and rod-structured Ce-1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid/GO (CTG) crystallites within the GO matrix, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the oxygen-comprising functional groups attached to their surface. The electrochemical performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a redox-additive electrolyte, for which CDG demonstrated noteworthy performance based on various parameters, owing to its tetrapod structure which furnishes greater surface area and more active sites, leveraging ion diffusion and redox reactions. CDG demonstrated an outstanding specific capacitance of 2372.08 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, and a high energy density of 766.84 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 4.00 kW kg<sup>−1</sup>, in the redox-additive [KOH + KFC] electrolyte, whilst retaining 94.83 % of the initial capacitance after 10,000 charging/discharging cycles. These findings underscore the potential of Ce-MOF/GO composites, particularly CDG, making it a promising candidate for next-generation smart supercapacitors, with applications ranging from sustainable energy solutions to adaptive, intelligent devices in modern electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117871"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polypyrrole/silver/graphene ternary composites for high-performance Ku-band electromagnetic interference shielding

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117873

Vrinda S. Punnakkal , Anilkumar Ramakrishnan , Anju Pradeep , Aslam Hossain , Manu Punnen John , E.I. Anila

Unwanted electromagnetic waves can significantly affect the performance of electronic devices and communication systems. A high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) material is a solution to this issue. This study introduces a cost-effective one-pot synthesis method for polypyrrole/silver (Ppy/Ag), polypyrrole/graphene (Ppy/Gr) and polypyrrole/silver/graphene (Ppy/Ag/Gr) ternary composites with adjustable graphene concentrations. Detailed structural and morphological analyses using FTIR, XRD and STEM confirm the successful incorporation of Ag nanoparticles and graphene into the polypyrrole matrix. The total shielding effectiveness (SE_T) of the ternary composites in the Ku band shows an impressive 30.86 dB at 12.7 GHz for the 5 wt.% graphene composite, primarily driven by absorption mechanisms (SE_A> SE_R). The synergistic interaction between Ag, which provides conductive pathways, and graphene, which offers structural reinforcement, significantly enhances interfacial polarisation and conductivity, surpassing the performance of binary counterparts (Ppy/Ag and Ppy/Gr. The results of this work introduce a lightweight, potent and economical composite material for EMI shielding applications in the Ku band.

{"title":"Polypyrrole/silver/graphene ternary composites for high-performance Ku-band electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Vrinda S. Punnakkal , Anilkumar Ramakrishnan , Anju Pradeep , Aslam Hossain , Manu Punnen John , E.I. Anila","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unwanted electromagnetic waves can significantly affect the performance of electronic devices and communication systems. A high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) material is a solution to this issue. This study introduces a cost-effective one-pot synthesis method for polypyrrole/silver (Ppy/Ag), polypyrrole/graphene (Ppy/Gr) and polypyrrole/silver/graphene (Ppy/Ag/Gr) ternary composites with adjustable graphene concentrations. Detailed structural and morphological analyses using FTIR, XRD and STEM confirm the successful incorporation of Ag nanoparticles and graphene into the polypyrrole matrix. The total shielding effectiveness (SE<sub>T</sub>) of the ternary composites in the Ku band shows an impressive 30.86 dB at 12.7 GHz for the 5 wt.% graphene composite, primarily driven by absorption mechanisms (SE<sub>A</sub>> SE<sub>R</sub>). The synergistic interaction between Ag, which provides conductive pathways, and graphene, which offers structural reinforcement, significantly enhances interfacial polarisation and conductivity, surpassing the performance of binary counterparts (Ppy/Ag and Ppy/Gr. The results of this work introduce a lightweight, potent and economical composite material for EMI shielding applications in the Ku band.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous trifunctional group passivation using imidazole derivatives for enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117872

Jun Yang , Qiaoli Niu , Yuqing Chen , Baoxiang Chai , Junhao Xiong , Wenjin Zeng , Xinwen Peng , Emmanuel Iwuoha , Ruidong Xia

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising energy technologies in the field of renewable energy. The solution-based perovskite film-forming method is one of its important advantages in commercialization. However, the polycrystalline perovskite thin films prepared by this method may also exhibit various defects, leading to a decrease in device performance. In this work, an imidazole derivative 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMCl) was used as a passivator for perovskite thin films. The imidazole moiety and hydroxyl in HMCl passivated the negatively charged I^- and positively Pb²⁺ defects in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃), respectively. Meanwhile the chloride ion establishes ionic bonds with uncoordinated Pb²⁺, further enhancing the passivation of defects. With HMCl, the PCE of the PSC was enhanced from 17.53 % of the control device to 19.71 %. In addition, the introduction of HMCl enhanced the hydrophobicity of perovskite films, and therefore, improved the storage stability of PSCs. This study provides an alternative passivator for the development of high-performance and long-term stable PSCs.

{"title":"Simultaneous trifunctional group passivation using imidazole derivatives for enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells","authors":"Jun Yang , Qiaoli Niu , Yuqing Chen , Baoxiang Chai , Junhao Xiong , Wenjin Zeng , Xinwen Peng , Emmanuel Iwuoha , Ruidong Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising energy technologies in the field of renewable energy. The solution-based perovskite film-forming method is one of its important advantages in commercialization. However, the polycrystalline perovskite thin films prepared by this method may also exhibit various defects, leading to a decrease in device performance. In this work, an imidazole derivative 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMCl) was used as a passivator for perovskite thin films. The imidazole moiety and hydroxyl in HMCl passivated the negatively charged I<sup>-</sup> and positively Pb<sup>2+</sup> defects in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>), respectively. Meanwhile the chloride ion establishes ionic bonds with uncoordinated Pb<sup>2+</sup>, further enhancing the passivation of defects. With HMCl, the PCE of the PSC was enhanced from 17.53 % of the control device to 19.71 %. In addition, the introduction of HMCl enhanced the hydrophobicity of perovskite films, and therefore, improved the storage stability of PSCs. This study provides an alternative passivator for the development of high-performance and long-term stable PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117872"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A tris-buffer appended Schiff base as a fluorescent probe for Al3+ and its potential application in Zebrafish imaging

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117870

R. Bhaskar , Pranati Somkuwar , Mathumitha Babu , Mary Ann , Vasantham Raju , S. Abdul Majeed , S.K. Ashok Kumar

Aluminum (Al) levels in living organisms and the environment are vital to human health and the environment. Therefore, a rapid and susceptible probe for detecting Al³⁺ is required. A new fluorescent probe E)-2-(((8-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (JulAmino-Tris), was developed through a straightforward Schiff base reaction and analyzed using various spectroscopic techniques. The chemosensing potential of JulAmino-Tris was investigated using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in a partially aqueous medium. The pristine form of JulAmino-Tris in pure dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is non-fluorescent due to PET, ESIPT, and ICT processes. JulAmino-Tris probe showed turn-on fluorescence behavior in the presence of Al³⁺, while other metal ions remained non-responsive. The probe emits cyan fluorescence upon binding to Al³ ⁺, inhibiting these processes. The 1:1 non-covalent complex formation and detection mechanism was confirmed through Job's plot, mass spectrometry, ¹H NMR titration, and DFT calculations, with a detection limit of 25 nM. The JulAmino-Tris probe demonstrated low cytotoxicity and efficacy in Zebrafish imaging studies and its utility in detecting Al³ ⁺ in water and drug samples.

{"title":"A tris-buffer appended Schiff base as a fluorescent probe for Al3+ and its potential application in Zebrafish imaging","authors":"R. Bhaskar , Pranati Somkuwar , Mathumitha Babu , Mary Ann , Vasantham Raju , S. Abdul Majeed , S.K. Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum (Al) levels in living organisms and the environment are vital to human health and the environment. Therefore, a rapid and susceptible probe for detecting Al<sup>3+</sup> is required. A new fluorescent probe E)-2-(((8-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (JulAmino-Tris), was developed through a straightforward Schiff base reaction and analyzed using various spectroscopic techniques. The chemosensing potential of JulAmino-Tris was investigated using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in a partially aqueous medium. The pristine form of JulAmino-Tris in pure dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is non-fluorescent due to PET, ESIPT, and ICT processes. JulAmino-Tris probe showed turn-on fluorescence behavior in the presence of Al<sup>3+</sup>, while other metal ions remained non-responsive. The probe emits cyan fluorescence upon binding to Al³ ⁺, inhibiting these processes. The 1:1 non-covalent complex formation and detection mechanism was confirmed through Job's plot, mass spectrometry, ¹H NMR titration, and DFT calculations, with a detection limit of 25 nM. The JulAmino-Tris probe demonstrated low cytotoxicity and efficacy in Zebrafish imaging studies and its utility in detecting Al³ ⁺ in water and drug samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of surface passivation aiming towards enhancing the performance of organic phototransistor fabricated using oriented thin films of PFO-DBT

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117869

Sidhi G. Ramer , Kumar Vivek Gaurav , I.A. Palani , Yoshito Ando , Shyam S. Pandey , Vipul Singh

Oriented and uniform thin films of solution-processable organic semiconducting copolymer PFO-DBT were fabricated using a recently developed unidirectional floating film transfer (FTM) method and used as an active semiconductor on surface passivated Si/SiO₂ as gate dielectric to fabricate organic phototransistor (OPT) in the bottom gate top contact device architecture. The influence of different passivation of SiO₂ such as an ultrathin spin-coated cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP) and the self-assembled monolayer of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) on anisotropic charge transport and device performance of OPTs have been systematically investigated. FTM-processed thin films provided good optical anisotropy in thin films and electrical anisotropy in the OPTs. With improved surface properties and enhanced anisotropies, the device showed a charge carrier mobility of 7.8 × 10^-3 cm²/V-sec, on/off ratio in the order of 10⁵, and a threshold voltage of -4V under dark conditions. OPTs fabricated in this work demonstrated photosensitivity nearly of order 10⁴ and a corresponding responsivity of 17 A/W under the illumination of 525 nm monochromatic green light with a low power density of 0.15 mW/cm². The results are promising for making OPTs with enhanced mobility, photosensitivity and photo-responsivity in the visible region.

利用最新开发的单向浮动薄膜转移（FTM）方法制备了可溶液加工的有机半导体共聚物 PFO-DBT 的定向均匀薄膜，并将其作为有源半导体置于表面钝化的 Si/SiO2 作为栅介质上，以底栅顶接触器件结构制备了有机光电晶体管（OPT）。我们系统地研究了 SiO2 的不同钝化，如超薄旋涂环状透明光学聚合物（CYTOP）和六甲基二硅氮烷（HMDS）自组装单层对 OPT 的各向异性电荷传输和器件性能的影响。FTM 加工的薄膜在薄膜中具有良好的光学各向异性，在 OPT 中具有良好的电各向异性。随着表面特性的改善和各向异性的增强，该器件在黑暗条件下的电荷载流子迁移率达到了 7.8 × 10-3 cm2/V-sec，导通/关断比达到了 105 的数量级，阈值电压为 -4V。在 525 纳米单色绿光和 0.15 mW/cm2 低功率密度的照射下，该工作中制作的 OPT 显示出接近 104 数量级的光敏性和 17 A/W 的相应响应度。这些结果有望在可见光区域制造出具有更高的迁移率、光敏性和光响应性的 OPT。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress in nanocrystal light-emitting diodes based on the self-assembly technology

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117868

Qiuyu Long , Yunfei Ren , Yi Dai , Wenhui Fang , Dongxiang Luo , Peng Xiao , Yiping Zhang , Baiquan Liu

Self-assembly technology allows structural units on the nano- or micrometer scale to be assembled into multilevel ordered structures by non-covalent bonding forces in the absence of external interference, which have advantages of simple operation, good stability of prepared films, tunable bandgap, and so on. To date, self-assembly technology has been demonstrated to possess a great potential for optoelectronics and microelectronics. In particular, nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (NC-LEDs) using self-assembly technologies have become the focus of research because of their merits such as the ability to improve the photon out-coupling efficiency and the simplicity of fabrication methods, which show important application prospects in the fields of display and lighting. In this review, the research progress of state-of-the-art NC-LEDs based on self-assembly technologies have been insightfully introduced. Firstly, basic concepts in self-assembled LEDs have been summarized, including the design principle and synthesis methods for self-assembly technologies, LED device structure, and emission mechanism. Then, from the point of view of emitting materials, the current research status of self-assembled NC-LEDs based on quantum dots, perovskites, and colloidal quantum wells have been highlighted. At last, the current challenges of NC-LEDs based on self-assembly technologies and their future development opportunities have been discussed.

{"title":"Research progress in nanocrystal light-emitting diodes based on the self-assembly technology","authors":"Qiuyu Long , Yunfei Ren , Yi Dai , Wenhui Fang , Dongxiang Luo , Peng Xiao , Yiping Zhang , Baiquan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-assembly technology allows structural units on the nano- or micrometer scale to be assembled into multilevel ordered structures by non-covalent bonding forces in the absence of external interference, which have advantages of simple operation, good stability of prepared films, tunable bandgap, and so on. To date, self-assembly technology has been demonstrated to possess a great potential for optoelectronics and microelectronics. In particular, nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (NC-LEDs) using self-assembly technologies have become the focus of research because of their merits such as the ability to improve the photon out-coupling efficiency and the simplicity of fabrication methods, which show important application prospects in the fields of display and lighting. In this review, the research progress of state-of-the-art NC-LEDs based on self-assembly technologies have been insightfully introduced. Firstly, basic concepts in self-assembled LEDs have been summarized, including the design principle and synthesis methods for self-assembly technologies, LED device structure, and emission mechanism. Then, from the point of view of emitting materials, the current research status of self-assembled NC-LEDs based on quantum dots, perovskites, and colloidal quantum wells have been highlighted. At last, the current challenges of NC-LEDs based on self-assembly technologies and their future development opportunities have been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modern advancement of perylene diimide metal complex: Exposition the coordination modes and applications

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117865

Wajid Hussain , Muhammad Sulaman , Muhammad Shahid Iqbal , Hui Li , Yasser Elmasry

Perylene diimide (PDI) complexes are highly promising for use in a wide range of rapidly developing fields in the fields of organic electronics, single-compound spectroscopy, supramolecular photochemistry, host-guest chemistry, chemical sensing, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, surface-templating, molecular recognition, artificial photosynthetic systems, light-harvesting, solar cells, light emitting diode, field effect transistor, optical sensing, and electron transporting semiconductors in field effect transistor. This is because PDI metal complexes possess high electron mobility, stable radical anions, acting as a building block electron donor, having rich and extended absorption characteristics and possessing highly exothermic electron affinity. They also are electron acceptors and also electron donors, photo stable and can be used in light emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells. The creation of morphologically required functional products presents an intriguing challenge for conventional organic methodology, as the synthetic strategy of PDI complexes relies on coordination noncovalent bonds. Because of this, the mediated metal (transition) synthetic method has received a lot of attention in the past few decades. This has made a variety of supramolecular designs possible, such as three-dimensional cages, linear polymers, molecular cylinders, and planar grids. This review highlights the synthesis and wide range of applications of perylene diimide (PDI) complexes while offering a thorough overview of them. PDI-metal complexes are useful in many scientific fields because of their distinct chemical and electronic properties. Important synthetic routes are highlighted in the review, along with techniques and tactics for intricate fabrication. It investigates design ideas and chemical alterations to customize PDI complexes for various uses. In summary, the present review highlights the diverse properties of PDI-metal complexes and highlights their importance in promoting both scientific research and technological advancement.

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引用次数: 0

Improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells through optimization of the hole-transport layer

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117867

S.K. Tazhibayev , B.R. Ilyassov , A.K. Aimukhanov , A.K. Mussabekova , X.S. Rozhkova , M.K. Beisembekov , A.K. Zeinidenov

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a leading technology in the photovoltaic sector due to their high efficiency and low fabrication cost. However, the performance and stability of PSCs are often limited by the properties of hole transport layers (HTLs). In this study, we explore the use of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and a composite CoPc/Spiro-OMeTAD layer as HTLs to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Structural analysis via AFM revealed that the CoPc/Spiro-OMeTAD composite layer possesses a uniform, pinhole-free surface morphology, crucial for minimizing charge recombination. Optical studies demonstrated that these composite layers maintain high transparency while providing effective light absorption. Photoelectrical characterizations showed that PSCs with the CoPc/Spiro-OMeTAD HTLs achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.7 %, outperforming devices with standard Spiro-OMeTAD and single CoPc layers. Moreover, the composite HTLs improved the stability of the PSCs, retaining 84 % of the initial PCE after 300 hours of operation without encapsulation. Impedance spectroscopy indicated that the composite HTLs reduce series resistance and charge transfer resistance of the devices. These findings suggest that CoPc/Spiro-OMeTAD composite layers are promising candidates for enhancing both the efficiency and stability of PSCs.

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引用次数: 0

Transparent conductive PEDOT–graphene films from large-flake graphite

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117866

Sean T. McDermott , Brenden Ferland , Jinzhou Liu , Prabodha Abeykoon , Michael J. Joyce , Seth Shuster , Steven L. Suib , Douglas H. Adamson

The demand for affordable, flexible, transparent, and robust thin film electrodes in organic electronics has highlighted the limitations of indium tin oxide (ITO), which suffers from fragility and high costs. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), particularly when doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), has emerged as a promising alternative due to its mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, and environmental stability. However, PSS's insulating nature, hygroscopicity, and acidity present significant drawbacks. This study explores an alternative approach using large-flake graphene, exfoliated through a solvent interface trapping method (SITM), as a conductive template for PEDOT polymerization. The resulting PEDOT-graphene films exhibit conductivities reaching 1070 S/cm, surpassing those of previously reported PEDOT-based films. The graphene sheets, acting as templates during vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of PEDOT, enhance the film's conductivity by increasing electron pathways and crystalline regions within PEDOT. Characterization through SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirms the structural and electrical integrity of the films. Additionally, these films demonstrate potential applications in sensing technologies, particularly responsive to volatile organic compounds such as triethylamine. This work presents a scalable method for producing high-conductivity, transparent PEDOT-graphene films, offering a viable alternative to ITO in organic electronic applications.

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引用次数: 0

Investigating charge mobility of alternating copolymers: The role of comonomers and electron-lattice interaction

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117861

D. Morais, W.S. Dias

Unraveling the intricate interplay between charge carriers and molecular vibrations is vital to enhancing charge transport in organic semiconductors. In this study, we employ a tight-binding model calibrated with density functional theory (DFT)-derived parameters to investigate the influence of intermolecular vibrations on the charge transport properties of two specific copolymers: Thienothiophene-Phenylene (Tt-Ph) and Thiophene-Pyrrole (Th-Py). Our findings reveal the emergence of self-trapped excitations with soliton-like profiles, whose mobility is primarily governed by both the electron-lattice interaction and the on-site energies of the comonomers. Stronger electron-lattice coupling reduces the velocity of such hybridized excitations, eventually rendering them dynamically localized (localized) for electron-lattice interactions above a critical strength χ_c. Extending the analysis to potential alternating copolymer chains, the power-law fitting

v_{s} \propto {(χ_{c} - χ)}^{1 ∕ 2}

for the velocity of soliton-like modes suggests a universal behavior of the underlying charge-lattice coupling. Furthermore, we unveil a nonlinear dependence between the critical carrier-lattice interaction χ_c and the effective difference in on-site energies of the comonomers, underscoring the delicate interplay between copolymer structure and charge-lattice interactions.

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引用次数: 0