The vulnerability of observers – An evaluation of observer programs welfare and working conditions policies

Human rights issues on fishing vessels are increasingly receiving much-needed global attention. However, most focus is directed towards the fishing crew, often ignoring other important workers on board fishing vessels, namely, observers. Due to their specific role as the “eyes and ears” on the water, observers are not covered by any current binding international regulations concerning working standards on board fishing vessels. This leaves them relatively unprotected, besides flag state control. One way flag states address observer welfare and working conditions is through observer programmes. The aim of this paper is to assess whether observer programmes fulfil their responsibilities to protect the health, safety, and welfare of observers and their living conditions while onboard fishing vessels. This analysis was done by developing a specific observer benchmark tool for reviewing observer programmes. The results of this research found that, on average, assessed observer programmes demonstrate good performance. Based on the results, four recommendations are provided, including the need to conduct independent reviews of observer programmes. Generally, more research is needed to get a better understanding of geographical hot-spots and observer experiences. Fisheries observers are key to ensuring sustainable fisheries management, and it is imperative that their right to a safe work environment is assured.