Muhammad Bilal , Lu Wang , Zia Ur Rehman , Kewang Zheng , Jianhua Hou , Faheem K. Butt , Asif Hussain , Junaid Ahmad , Sami Ullah , Jawad Ahmad Jrar , Saif Ali , Xiaozhi Wang
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Hydrogen production using g-C3N4 based photocatalysts: A review
Photocatalytic H2 production is a promising technique to produce green energy by using sunlight, and helpful to resolve the energy crisis and environmental issues. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an emerging metal-free photocatalyst, easy to synthesize by earth-abundant materials and able to work in the visible light region. g-C3N4 exhibits multidimensional nanostructures and has been widely studied in recent years for H2 production due to its unique electronic properties, large surface area, suitable bandgap, and exceptional physicochemical and optical properties. Different strategies have been used to enhance the H2 yield, such as morphology modification, tuning bandgap, defect engineering, heterojunction construction, and making composites with materials. This review comprehensively elaborated the various synthesis techniques, properties of material, Z-Scheme heterostructures, and factors affecting on photocatalytic H2 production. This review also summarizes the advancements in the g–C3N4–based composites and methodologies of photocatalytic water splitting. Conclusively, future recommendations on the challenges provide a new direction to design g–C3N4–based photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications.
期刊介绍:
The objective of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is to facilitate the exchange of new ideas, technological advancements, and research findings in the field of Hydrogen Energy among scientists and engineers worldwide. This journal showcases original research, both analytical and experimental, covering various aspects of Hydrogen Energy. These include production, storage, transmission, utilization, enabling technologies, environmental impact, economic considerations, and global perspectives on hydrogen and its carriers such as NH3, CH4, alcohols, etc.
The utilization aspect encompasses various methods such as thermochemical (combustion), photochemical, electrochemical (fuel cells), and nuclear conversion of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes, and hydrogen carriers into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. The applications of these energies can be found in transportation (including aerospace), industrial, commercial, and residential sectors.