Advanced Oxide-Stabilized Zirconia Ceramics for Flue Gas Filtration in Air Purification Systems

Air pollution, largely driven by industrial activities and fossil fuel combustion, poses a critical threat to both the environment and public health. Addressing emissions, particularly from factories operating at extremely high temperatures, demands advanced filtration technologies capable of withstanding such severe conditions. Ceramic filters have emerged as a promising solution due to their superior thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical durability. Among these, oxide-stabilized zirconia (OSZ) ceramics have garnered significant attention for their potential in high-temperature flue gas filtration. OSZ ceramics enhance the intrinsic properties of zirconia, such as its high melting point and mechanical strength, while stabilizing its phases to prevent performance-degrading phase transformations. This review comprehensively examines the role of phase transformations in ZrO₂ materials, alongside the fabrication methods, structural characteristics, and advantages of ZrO₂ ceramics in air filtration applications. The review examines various stabilizing agents used to maintain phase stability and optimize material performance under extreme conditions, highlighting the benefits of OSZ in flue gas filtration. Additionally, it covers recent advancements in OSZ synthesis and application, addressing critical limitations such as production challenges and the environmental impacts of large-scale use. The discussion emphasizes the move toward sustainable development in air filtration technologies. Finally, the review provides a forward-looking perspective on future research needs, aiming to further optimize OSZ ceramics for more effective and widespread industrial air pollution control, with a focus on improving performance, scalability, and environmental sustainability.