Yiyun Pan, Wen Zeng, Ting Liang, Xiaoming Nie, Kang Liu, Hailong Chen, Nengping Luo, Xiaodan Zhu, Keqiang Tian, Yijian Chen
{"title":"RNF38通过调节LMX1A的泛素化来诱导自噬，从而促进急性髓性白血病患者对吉特替尼的耐药性。","authors":"Yiyun Pan, Wen Zeng, Ting Liang, Xiaoming Nie, Kang Liu, Hailong Chen, Nengping Luo, Xiaodan Zhu, Keqiang Tian, Yijian Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10565-024-09936-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gilteritinib is a commonly used targeted drug for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the emergence of gilteritinib resistance greatly reduces the therapeutic effect. RING finger protein 38 (RNF38), a protein with RING Finger domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the role and mechanism of RNF38 in the gilteritinib resistance of AML remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Normal AML cells were treated with gilteritinib to construct gilteritinib-resistant cells (MV4-11/Gilteritinib and MOLM-13/Gilteritinib). CCK8 assay, TUNEL staining and EdU assay were used to assess gilteritinib resistance, cell apoptosis and proliferation. The protein levels of autophagy-related markers, RNF38 and LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A) were determined by western blot. Also, RNF38 and LMX1A mRNA levels were tested using qRT-PCR. Autophagic flux was assessed using mRFP-GFP-LC3 labeling, and autophagosome numbers was counted under transmission electron microscopy. Co-IP assay was employed to analyze interaction between RNF38 and LMX1A. The effects of LMX1A and RNF38 on AML tumorigenesis were analyzed by in vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In gilteritinib-resistant AML cells, autophagy-related markers, mRFP-GFP-LC3 signals and autophagosome numbers were significantly enhanced. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could suppress gilteritinib resistance in AML cells. RNF38 knockdown inhibited gilteritinib resistance and autophagy in AML cells. Mechanistically, RNF38 reduced LMX1A expression by inducing its ubiquitination. RNF38 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of LMX1A on gilteritinib resistance and autophagy in AML cells, as well as AML tumor growth in vivo, while these effects could be abolished by proteasome inhibitor MG132.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RNF38 induced autophagy to promote gilteritinib resistance in AML by increasing the ubiquitination of LMX1A.</p>","PeriodicalId":9672,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602842/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"RNF38 promotes gilteritinib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia via inducing autophagy by regulating ubiquitination of LMX1A.\",\"authors\":\"Yiyun Pan, Wen Zeng, Ting Liang, Xiaoming Nie, Kang Liu, Hailong Chen, Nengping Luo, Xiaodan Zhu, Keqiang Tian, Yijian Chen\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10565-024-09936-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gilteritinib is a commonly used targeted drug for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the emergence of gilteritinib resistance greatly reduces the therapeutic effect. RING finger protein 38 (RNF38), a protein with RING Finger domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the role and mechanism of RNF38 in the gilteritinib resistance of AML remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Normal AML cells were treated with gilteritinib to construct gilteritinib-resistant cells (MV4-11/Gilteritinib and MOLM-13/Gilteritinib). CCK8 assay, TUNEL staining and EdU assay were used to assess gilteritinib resistance, cell apoptosis and proliferation. The protein levels of autophagy-related markers, RNF38 and LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A) were determined by western blot. Also, RNF38 and LMX1A mRNA levels were tested using qRT-PCR. Autophagic flux was assessed using mRFP-GFP-LC3 labeling, and autophagosome numbers was counted under transmission electron microscopy. Co-IP assay was employed to analyze interaction between RNF38 and LMX1A. The effects of LMX1A and RNF38 on AML tumorigenesis were analyzed by in vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In gilteritinib-resistant AML cells, autophagy-related markers, mRFP-GFP-LC3 signals and autophagosome numbers were significantly enhanced. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could suppress gilteritinib resistance in AML cells. RNF38 knockdown inhibited gilteritinib resistance and autophagy in AML cells. Mechanistically, RNF38 reduced LMX1A expression by inducing its ubiquitination. RNF38 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of LMX1A on gilteritinib resistance and autophagy in AML cells, as well as AML tumor growth in vivo, while these effects could be abolished by proteasome inhibitor MG132.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RNF38 induced autophagy to promote gilteritinib resistance in AML by increasing the ubiquitination of LMX1A.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9672,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cell Biology and Toxicology\",\"volume\":\"40 1\",\"pages\":\"105\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602842/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cell Biology and Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-024-09936-8\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CELL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cell Biology and Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-024-09936-8","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
RNF38 promotes gilteritinib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia via inducing autophagy by regulating ubiquitination of LMX1A.
Background: Gilteritinib is a commonly used targeted drug for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the emergence of gilteritinib resistance greatly reduces the therapeutic effect. RING finger protein 38 (RNF38), a protein with RING Finger domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the role and mechanism of RNF38 in the gilteritinib resistance of AML remains unclear.
Methods: Normal AML cells were treated with gilteritinib to construct gilteritinib-resistant cells (MV4-11/Gilteritinib and MOLM-13/Gilteritinib). CCK8 assay, TUNEL staining and EdU assay were used to assess gilteritinib resistance, cell apoptosis and proliferation. The protein levels of autophagy-related markers, RNF38 and LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A) were determined by western blot. Also, RNF38 and LMX1A mRNA levels were tested using qRT-PCR. Autophagic flux was assessed using mRFP-GFP-LC3 labeling, and autophagosome numbers was counted under transmission electron microscopy. Co-IP assay was employed to analyze interaction between RNF38 and LMX1A. The effects of LMX1A and RNF38 on AML tumorigenesis were analyzed by in vivo experiments.
Results: In gilteritinib-resistant AML cells, autophagy-related markers, mRFP-GFP-LC3 signals and autophagosome numbers were significantly enhanced. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could suppress gilteritinib resistance in AML cells. RNF38 knockdown inhibited gilteritinib resistance and autophagy in AML cells. Mechanistically, RNF38 reduced LMX1A expression by inducing its ubiquitination. RNF38 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of LMX1A on gilteritinib resistance and autophagy in AML cells, as well as AML tumor growth in vivo, while these effects could be abolished by proteasome inhibitor MG132.
Conclusions: RNF38 induced autophagy to promote gilteritinib resistance in AML by increasing the ubiquitination of LMX1A.
期刊介绍：
Cell Biology and Toxicology (CBT) is an international journal focused on clinical and translational research with an emphasis on molecular and cell biology, genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, drug discovery and development, and molecular pharmacology and toxicology. CBT has a disease-specific scope prioritizing publications on gene and protein-based regulation, intracellular signaling pathway dysfunction, cell type-specific function, and systems in biomedicine in drug discovery and development. CBT publishes original articles with outstanding, innovative and significant findings, important reviews on recent research advances and issues of high current interest, opinion articles of leading edge science, and rapid communication or reports, on molecular mechanisms and therapies in diseases.
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