Unlocking the potential of oleogels in edible applications and health impacts

Oleogels (OGs) have emerged as promising fat replacers, recognized for their health benefits and suitability in food products due to their high unsaturated fat content. Traditionally, solid fats have been widely used to enhance the nutritional profile of foods, but growing consumer awareness has led to efforts to reduce saturated fats and trans-fatty acids in diets. Concerns about the negative impacts of unhealthy fats have further driven interest in OG technology. In this context, this comprehensive review examines the emerging trends in OG formulations and structural designs across different food matrices, OGs modifications through high-intensity ultrasound (HIU), assessing their nutritional benefits and functional properties, including texture, rheology, oxidative stability, and mouthfeel. The research also critically reviews new insights into the incorporation of OGs as fat substitutes in various food products, including meat, dairy, confectionery, and bakery items. Additionally, the review highlights the OGs in the bioactive delivery of lipid-soluble substances and their therapeutic potential against different diseases such as obesity, CVD's, elevated LDL cholesterol, and serum triacylglycerol levels. The review further explores consumer attitudes, perceptions, and acceptance of OG-containing products, while addressing key challenges, potential research directions, and innovative applications of OGs.