Waste biomass derived carbon-based materials for electrochemical detection of pesticides from real samples

Using carbon-based materials obtained from waste biomass for electrochemical determination of pesticides from real samples has always been promising in terms of environmental monitoring, agricultural sustainability, and the possibility of rapid analysis in the field. In the process recorded to date, waste biomass, which includes a wide range of agricultural, animal, organic, and domestic wastes, has served as a renewable and sustainable precursor for carbon materials and has provided economic and environmental contributions compared to traditional carbon sources. This review has highlighted the challenges, advantages, and recent developments in the field of using carbon materials prepared from waste biomass as electrode modification materials for pesticide detection in complex environmental matrices. On the other hand, the properties of biochar and the preparation techniques of biochar have been discussed in detail in this study. It has also been mentioned that the preparation process of biochar is an important factor affecting the electrochemical performance and that experimental parameters such as temperature, heating rate, and biomass type play a critical role in determining biochar’s structural and electrochemical properties. The studies conducted in this field in recent years and their details (carbon material preparation conditions, preparation techniques, and electrochemical data) are described and examined.