Enhancing the summer efficiency of solar ponds through integration of paraffin wax and carbon soot nanoparticles

This research investigates methods to enhance the efficiency of solar ponds as sustainable energy storage systems by leveraging phase change materials (PCMs) and nanoparticles. Solar ponds often suffer from reduced performance during hot summer months due to high temperatures, which limit their overall efficiency. This study focuses on the impact of adding candle soot-derived carbon nanoparticles at different mass fractions (1 mass%, 2 mass%, and 3 mass%) on the thermal performance, storage capacity, and efficiency of solar ponds. Conducted over a seventy-five-day experimental period, the study reveals that the average temperature of the lower convective zone (LCZ) increased by 15.3% with the use of PCM and by 28.3% with the addition of PCM containing 2 mass% carbon soot, compared to traditional solar ponds. The incorporation of paraffin wax and carbon soot significantly improves energy storage capacity, enhances thermal efficiency, and reduces convection losses. These findings demonstrate that PCMs combined with candle soot nanoparticles can effectively enhance the efficiency and performance of solar ponds, offering a promising approach for optimizing solar energy storage systems.