Changes in the position of the inferior alveolar nerve after sagittal split ramus osteotomy and its effect on postoperative neurosensory disturbances.

Aim of the study: To analyze the positional changes of the inferior alveolar nerve after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and assess the impact of these changes on postoperative sensory nerve disturbances.

Material and methods: Preoperative and postoperative (one year) spiral CT scans were used to categorize the inferior alveolar nerve into the extended side (n = 30) and retrogressive side (n = 30). Measurement software was used to observe and measure positional changes of the mandibular nerve canal, followed by a comparative analysis.

Results: Post-surgical analysis revealed that the inferior alveolar nerve was displaced laterally and superiorly on the extended side, and medially and inferiorly on the retrogressive side, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association between nerve displacement in the first molar region and sensory nerve impairment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Significant positional changes in the inferior alveolar nerve were observed post-surgery, particularly on the extended migration side, with these changes being correlated with the occurrence of neurological symptoms.