Recent advances in electrochemiluminescence immunosensing

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence, also called electrochemiluminescence (ECL), has attracted much attention in various fields of analysis due to its high sensitivity, extremely wide and dynamic range and excellent control of space and time of the light emission. The great success of ECL for in vitro detection results from the advantages of combining the selectivity of biological recognition elements and the sensitivity and controllability of ECL technology. ECL is widely applied as a powerful analytical technique for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules. In this review, we summarize the recent developments and applications of ECL for immunosensing. Herein, we present the sensing schemes and their applications in different areas, such as detection of biomarkers, bead-based detection and bacteria and cell analysis and provide future perspectives on new developments in ECL immunosensing. In particular, ECL-based sensing assays for clinical sample analysis and medical diagnostics and the development of immunosensors for these purposes are highlighted.