Prateek Verma, Elizabeth Adeogun, Elizabeth Greene, Sami Dridi, Ukash Nakarmi, Karthik Nayani
Novel biomaterials that bridge the knowledge gap in coupling molecular/protein signatures of disease/stress via rapid readouts is a critical need of society. One such scenario is an imbalance between bodily heat production and heat dissipation which leads to heat stress in organisms. In addition to diminished animal well-being, heat stress is detrimental to the poultry industry as poultry entails fast growth and high yield, resulting in greater metabolic activity and higher body heat produc-tion. When stressed, cells overexpress heat shock proteins (such as HSP70, a well-established intracellular stress indicator) and may undergo changes in their mechanical properties. Liquid crystals (LCs, fluids with orientational order) are facile sen-sors as they can readily transduce chemical signals to easily observable optical responses. In this work, we introduce a hy-brid LC-cell biomaterial within which the difference in the expression of HSP70 is linked to optical changes in the response pattern via the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The machine-learning (ML) models were trained on hundreds of such LC-response micrographs of chicken red blood cells with and without heat stress. Trained models exhibited remark-able accuracy of up to 99% on detecting the presence of heat stress in unseen microscope samples. We also show that cross-linking the chicken and human RBCs using glutaraldehyde in order to simulate a diseased cell was an efficient strategy for planning, building, training, and evaluating ML models. Overall, our efforts build towards desgining biomaterials that can rapidly detect disease in organisms that is accompanied by a distinct change in the mechanical properties of cells. We aim to eventuate CNN-enabled LC-sensors can rapidly report the presence of disease in scenarios where human judgment could be prohibitively difficult or slow.
{"title":"A Liquid Crystal-based Biomaterial Platform for Rapid Sensing of Heat Stress using Machine learning","authors":"Prateek Verma, Elizabeth Adeogun, Elizabeth Greene, Sami Dridi, Ukash Nakarmi, Karthik Nayani","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00213j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00213j","url":null,"abstract":"Novel biomaterials that bridge the knowledge gap in coupling molecular/protein signatures of disease/stress via rapid readouts is a critical need of society. One such scenario is an imbalance between bodily heat production and heat dissipation which leads to heat stress in organisms. In addition to diminished animal well-being, heat stress is detrimental to the poultry industry as poultry entails fast growth and high yield, resulting in greater metabolic activity and higher body heat produc-tion. When stressed, cells overexpress heat shock proteins (such as HSP70, a well-established intracellular stress indicator) and may undergo changes in their mechanical properties. Liquid crystals (LCs, fluids with orientational order) are facile sen-sors as they can readily transduce chemical signals to easily observable optical responses. In this work, we introduce a hy-brid LC-cell biomaterial within which the difference in the expression of HSP70 is linked to optical changes in the response pattern via the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The machine-learning (ML) models were trained on hundreds of such LC-response micrographs of chicken red blood cells with and without heat stress. Trained models exhibited remark-able accuracy of up to 99% on detecting the presence of heat stress in unseen microscope samples. We also show that cross-linking the chicken and human RBCs using glutaraldehyde in order to simulate a diseased cell was an efficient strategy for planning, building, training, and evaluating ML models. Overall, our efforts build towards desgining biomaterials that can rapidly detect disease in organisms that is accompanied by a distinct change in the mechanical properties of cells. We aim to eventuate CNN-enabled LC-sensors can rapidly report the presence of disease in scenarios where human judgment could be prohibitively difficult or slow.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, a chromone based simple reversible fluorescent “turn-on” probe HMCP [6-(Hydroxymethyl)-N'-((6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)picolinohydrazide] was successfully introduced to detect Al3+ over a group of other coexisting metal ions in methanol at pH 7.2. The “turn on” emission response along with the effective enhancement in fluorescence intensity upon addition of Al3+ can be attributed to the inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and C=N isomerization as well as initiation of Chelation-enhanced-fluorescence (CHEF). The sensor HMCP binds Al3+ in 1:1 stoichiometry with a brilliant binding constant and good detection limit in the order of 103 M-1 and 10-7 M respectively. The binding mode of interaction of HMCP with Al3+ was supported by 1H-NMR titration, HRMS, Job’s plot analysis, theoretical calculations and also by molecular logic gate applications. DNA binding study was also executed to elucidate possible bioactivity and found that HMCP interacts with DNA more effectively over other analogues. Furthermore, the applicability in live cell imaging study indicated that HMCP is highly efficient to detect exogenous Al3+ in living cells. In addition, real sample analysis and dip-stick experiment provide a wide range of practical application of the probe conveniently.
{"title":"Modulation in the binding sites for adaptable DNA interactive probe: Efficient at chromo-fluorogenic meticulous recognition of Al3+ and its live cell bioimaging","authors":"Atanu Maji, Debarpan Mitra, Amitav Biswas, Moumita Ghosh, Rahul Naskar, Saswati Gharami, Nabendu Murmu, Tapan Kumar Mondal","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00242c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00242c","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a chromone based simple reversible fluorescent “turn-on” probe HMCP [6-(Hydroxymethyl)-N'-((6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)picolinohydrazide] was successfully introduced to detect Al3+ over a group of other coexisting metal ions in methanol at pH 7.2. The “turn on” emission response along with the effective enhancement in fluorescence intensity upon addition of Al3+ can be attributed to the inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and C=N isomerization as well as initiation of Chelation-enhanced-fluorescence (CHEF). The sensor HMCP binds Al3+ in 1:1 stoichiometry with a brilliant binding constant and good detection limit in the order of 103 M-1 and 10-7 M respectively. The binding mode of interaction of HMCP with Al3+ was supported by 1H-NMR titration, HRMS, Job’s plot analysis, theoretical calculations and also by molecular logic gate applications. DNA binding study was also executed to elucidate possible bioactivity and found that HMCP interacts with DNA more effectively over other analogues. Furthermore, the applicability in live cell imaging study indicated that HMCP is highly efficient to detect exogenous Al3+ in living cells. In addition, real sample analysis and dip-stick experiment provide a wide range of practical application of the probe conveniently.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Liu, Xinping Zhao, Min Liao, Guoliang Ke, Xiaobing Zhang
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern, necessitating early and accurate diagnostic tools to manage and mitigate its progression. Point-of-care (POC) biosensors and devices offer a promising solution for rapid, cost-effective, and accessible diagnostics. This review explores the latest advancements in POC biosensors and devices specifically designed for CKD diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the biosensors most likely to achieve on-site detection of CKD, focusing on their design and application in real samples, including electrochemical, fluorescent, colorimetric sensors. Also, the innovative platforms were summarized from lateral flow devices, lab-on-a-chip devices, and microfluidic-based devices. The potential of these technologies for real-time monitoring, early detection, and personalized treatment is underscored. The review concludes by envisioning future perspectives and the transformative impact of POC biosensors in CKD diagnostics, aiming to improve patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.
{"title":"Point-of-care Biosensors and Devices for Diagnostics of Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Yuan Liu, Xinping Zhao, Min Liao, Guoliang Ke, Xiaobing Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00241e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00241e","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern, necessitating early and accurate diagnostic tools to manage and mitigate its progression. Point-of-care (POC) biosensors and devices offer a promising solution for rapid, cost-effective, and accessible diagnostics. This review explores the latest advancements in POC biosensors and devices specifically designed for CKD diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the biosensors most likely to achieve on-site detection of CKD, focusing on their design and application in real samples, including electrochemical, fluorescent, colorimetric sensors. Also, the innovative platforms were summarized from lateral flow devices, lab-on-a-chip devices, and microfluidic-based devices. The potential of these technologies for real-time monitoring, early detection, and personalized treatment is underscored. The review concludes by envisioning future perspectives and the transformative impact of POC biosensors in CKD diagnostics, aiming to improve patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nucleolus is crucial for ribonucleoprotein particle assembly. Vital molecular regulators such as RB (retinoblastoma protein) and p53 (tumor suppressor protein) influence nucleolar function and tumorigenesis. The absence or inactivation of these proteins often leads to nucleolar dysfunction and alteration, which is a key indicator among the primary histopathological features of malignancy. These changes are closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of tumor cells, such as abnormalities in the number, size, and shape of nucleoli. In recent years, as the relationship between nucleoli and tumorigenesis has been further explored, various nucleolar labeling techniques have been developed for pathological analysis and tumor diagnosis, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC)/immunofluorescence (IF), and fluorescence labeling. These methods complement the traditional use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for observing nucleoli. In this review, we explore the relationship between the nucleolus and tumorigenesis and evaluate current methods for diagnosing tumors by examining nucleolar characteristics. We discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of diagnostic techniques such as TEM, IHC/IF, and fluorescence labeling for analyzing the nucleolus.
{"title":"Tumor Diagnosis Based on Nucleolus Labeling","authors":"Caiwei Jia, Jiani Gao, Dong Xie, Jin-Ye Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00238e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00238e","url":null,"abstract":"The nucleolus is crucial for ribonucleoprotein particle assembly. Vital molecular regulators such as RB (retinoblastoma protein) and p53 (tumor suppressor protein) influence nucleolar function and tumorigenesis. The absence or inactivation of these proteins often leads to nucleolar dysfunction and alteration, which is a key indicator among the primary histopathological features of malignancy. These changes are closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of tumor cells, such as abnormalities in the number, size, and shape of nucleoli. In recent years, as the relationship between nucleoli and tumorigenesis has been further explored, various nucleolar labeling techniques have been developed for pathological analysis and tumor diagnosis, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC)/immunofluorescence (IF), and fluorescence labeling. These methods complement the traditional use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for observing nucleoli. In this review, we explore the relationship between the nucleolus and tumorigenesis and evaluate current methods for diagnosing tumors by examining nucleolar characteristics. We discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of diagnostic techniques such as TEM, IHC/IF, and fluorescence labeling for analyzing the nucleolus.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of rapid and accurate pathogen detection methods is of paramount importance for slowing the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. However, the high similarity between different pathogens, especially between antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains of the same species presents great challenges for the precise discrimination of pathogens. In recent years, chemical nose strategies, i.e. sensor arrays, have achieved certain success in pathogen discrimination. Currently, chemical nose strategies for identifying pathogens are mainly designed from two perspectives: the disparity in extrinsic properties (biomolecules, charge, and hydrophobicity of the bacterial surface) and intrinsic properties (processes and products mediated by bacterial enzymes) among different pathogens. Biosensing probes capable of responding to these properties are introduced for pathogen detection. The output signals are then processed and analyzed by machine learning algorithms to visualize the multidimensional detection results and achieve pathogen discrimination. This paper introduces the latest developments in sensor arrays for pathogen identification based on the extrinsic and intrinsic nature of bacteria, highlights the recognition mechanism of probes for bacteria, and outlines the current challenges and prospects of sensor arrays for pathogen discrimination.
{"title":"Recent advances in sensor arrays aided by machine learning for pathogen identification","authors":"Xin Wang, Ting Yang, Jian-Hua Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00229f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00229f","url":null,"abstract":"The development of rapid and accurate pathogen detection methods is of paramount importance for slowing the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. However, the high similarity between different pathogens, especially between antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains of the same species presents great challenges for the precise discrimination of pathogens. In recent years, chemical nose strategies, i.e. sensor arrays, have achieved certain success in pathogen discrimination. Currently, chemical nose strategies for identifying pathogens are mainly designed from two perspectives: the disparity in extrinsic properties (biomolecules, charge, and hydrophobicity of the bacterial surface) and intrinsic properties (processes and products mediated by bacterial enzymes) among different pathogens. Biosensing probes capable of responding to these properties are introduced for pathogen detection. The output signals are then processed and analyzed by machine learning algorithms to visualize the multidimensional detection results and achieve pathogen discrimination. This paper introduces the latest developments in sensor arrays for pathogen identification based on the extrinsic and intrinsic nature of bacteria, highlights the recognition mechanism of probes for bacteria, and outlines the current challenges and prospects of sensor arrays for pathogen discrimination.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of fluorescent indicators for the efficient and accurate detection of lethal nerve agents has evoked extensive interest recently. Herein, we presented two spiranic 4,4-diaryloxy-BODIPY derivatives for efficient and fluorescence turn-on detection of Sarin in solution media. Colorimetric mode featured the merits of obvious color changes from dark to greenish fluorescence under UV light. Generated new fluorescence emission reached their maxima within several minutes and the peaks were assigned for the generated by-product oxo-BDP with ΦF ~ 20% in acetonitrile. The detection limits of two 4,4-diaryloxy-BODIPY for a simulant DCP were determined to be 13.2 nM and 8.2 nM, respectively. The underlying sensing mechanism was clarified as the synergistic effect of 4,4-bond cleaving and fluorescence turn-on related to the photoinduced electron transfer process. Furthermore, a compact tubular sensor and a sensing platform prototype were fabricated properly. Superior detection results and further evaluation for real samples and simulants could be conducted at the sub-mM level on-site. Successful trials aid in understanding the structure-function relationship of 4,4-disubstituted BODIPY chromophores as well as the future development of a miniaturized device prototype for on-site detection of chemical warfare agents.
{"title":"Compact device prototype for turn-on fluorescent detection of Sarin based on reactive 4,4-diaryloxy-BODIPY derivatives","authors":"Lu Liu, Sheng Li, Wendan Luo, Jiashuang Yao, Taihong Liu, Molin Qin, Zhiyan Huang, Liping Ding, Yu Fang","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00228h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00228h","url":null,"abstract":"Development of fluorescent indicators for the efficient and accurate detection of lethal nerve agents has evoked extensive interest recently. Herein, we presented two spiranic 4,4-diaryloxy-BODIPY derivatives for efficient and fluorescence turn-on detection of Sarin in solution media. Colorimetric mode featured the merits of obvious color changes from dark to greenish fluorescence under UV light. Generated new fluorescence emission reached their maxima within several minutes and the peaks were assigned for the generated by-product oxo-BDP with ΦF ~ 20% in acetonitrile. The detection limits of two 4,4-diaryloxy-BODIPY for a simulant DCP were determined to be 13.2 nM and 8.2 nM, respectively. The underlying sensing mechanism was clarified as the synergistic effect of 4,4-bond cleaving and fluorescence turn-on related to the photoinduced electron transfer process. Furthermore, a compact tubular sensor and a sensing platform prototype were fabricated properly. Superior detection results and further evaluation for real samples and simulants could be conducted at the sub-mM level on-site. Successful trials aid in understanding the structure-function relationship of 4,4-disubstituted BODIPY chromophores as well as the future development of a miniaturized device prototype for on-site detection of chemical warfare agents.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of Sensors & Diagnostics's reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for Sensors & Diagnostics in 2023.
{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for Sensors & Diagnostics in 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/d4sd90030h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd90030h","url":null,"abstract":"We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of <em>Sensors & Diagnostics</em>'s reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <em>Sensors & Diagnostics</em> in 2023.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we developed a novel electrochemical sensing chip integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with laser-induced graphene (LIG) for the detection of exosomes associated with breast cancer biomarkers. Employing laser-induced technology, a three-dimensional porous graphene material is fabricated on the surface of a flexible polyimide film, which is subsequently combined with rGO through π–π stacking. This integration facilitates the doping of two-dimensional and three-dimensional material (2D/3D) structures, significantly enhancing the conductivity of the electrode material. Additionally, this approach markedly improves the surface hydrophobicity and biomolecule affinity of LIG, optimizing the immobilization of specific antibodies for exosomes. Importantly, this experiment marks the first occasion of merging two-dimensional rGO with three-dimensional LIG, resulting in the construction of a high-performance biosensing chip that enables specific capture and highly sensitive detection of exosomes. Under optimized conditions, the quantitative detection range for exosomes is established at 5 × 102 to 5 × 105 particles per μL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 166 particles per μL. The biosensor is successfully used to analyze exosomes in breast cancer cell lines and patient serum samples, proving its practical application. This electrochemical biosensing chip offers significant practical application value in the early screening and diagnosis of diseases.
在这项研究中，我们开发了一种集成了还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）和激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）的新型电化学传感芯片，用于检测与乳腺癌生物标志物相关的外泌体。利用激光诱导技术，在柔性聚酰亚胺薄膜表面制造出三维多孔石墨烯材料，随后通过π-π堆叠将其与还原型氧化石墨烯结合在一起。这种整合方式有助于掺杂二维和三维材料（2D/3D）结构，从而显著提高电极材料的导电性。此外，这种方法还明显改善了 LIG 的表面疏水性和生物大分子亲和性，优化了外泌体特异性抗体的固定。重要的是，该实验首次将二维 rGO 与三维 LIG 相结合，从而构建了一种高性能生物传感芯片，可实现外泌体的特异性捕获和高灵敏度检测。在优化条件下，外泌体的定量检测范围为每微升 5 × 102 至 5 × 105 个颗粒，检测限（LOD）为每微升 166 个颗粒。该生物传感器成功用于分析乳腺癌细胞系和患者血清样本中的外泌体，证明了它的实际应用价值。这种电化学生物传感芯片在疾病的早期筛查和诊断方面具有重要的实际应用价值。
{"title":"An rGO-doped laser induced graphene electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive exosome detection","authors":"Xiaoshuang Chen, Xiaohui Yan, Jiaoyan Qiu, Xue Zhang, Yunhong Zhang, Hongpeng Zhou, Yujuan Zhao, Lin Han, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00181h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00181h","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we developed a novel electrochemical sensing chip integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with laser-induced graphene (LIG) for the detection of exosomes associated with breast cancer biomarkers. Employing laser-induced technology, a three-dimensional porous graphene material is fabricated on the surface of a flexible polyimide film, which is subsequently combined with rGO through π–π stacking. This integration facilitates the doping of two-dimensional and three-dimensional material (2D/3D) structures, significantly enhancing the conductivity of the electrode material. Additionally, this approach markedly improves the surface hydrophobicity and biomolecule affinity of LIG, optimizing the immobilization of specific antibodies for exosomes. Importantly, this experiment marks the first occasion of merging two-dimensional rGO with three-dimensional LIG, resulting in the construction of a high-performance biosensing chip that enables specific capture and highly sensitive detection of exosomes. Under optimized conditions, the quantitative detection range for exosomes is established at 5 × 10<small><sup>2</sup></small> to 5 × 10<small><sup>5</sup></small> particles per μL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 166 particles per μL. The biosensor is successfully used to analyze exosomes in breast cancer cell lines and patient serum samples, proving its practical application. This electrochemical biosensing chip offers significant practical application value in the early screening and diagnosis of diseases.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Hossein Ghanbari, Markus Biesalski, Oliver Friedrich, Bastian J. M. Etzold
Microfluidic electrochemical sensors (μCS) can be portable, highly sensitive, and low-cost but are less frequently studied nor applied. Additionally, simultaneous electro-deposition of gold nanoparticles (ED (AuNPs)) and electro-polymerization of L-cysteine (EP (L-cys)) are introduced for the first time for modifying the surface of the working electrode through a paper-based microfluidic sensor. This study depicts that by employing such modification, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and the electron transfer rate are increased together and result in improved sensitivity. The modified μCS is depicted to enable sensitive voltametric determination of, e.g., clozapine (CLZ), an anti-psychotic drug to treat schizophrenia. The proposed sensor was characterized by different techniques, and several key parameters were optimized. Under the optimum conditions and using square-wave voltametry (SWV), a linear dose–response for a concentration range from 0.5 to 10.0 μM of CLZ was achieved. The limit of detection and sensitivity resulted in 70.0 nM and 0.045 mA cm−2 μM−1, respectively. Besides, this excellent sensitivity combines with high stability, which was tested for six repetitive measurements with a single device resulting in high reproducibility. Additionally, this procedure was validated with measurements of clozapine in human blood plasma, which demonstrated the excellent applicability of the device, rendering it a promising platform for point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Clozapine sensing through paper-based microfluidic sensors directly modified via electro-deposition and electro-polymerization","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Ghanbari, Markus Biesalski, Oliver Friedrich, Bastian J. M. Etzold","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00252k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00252k","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic electrochemical sensors (μCS) can be portable, highly sensitive, and low-cost but are less frequently studied nor applied. Additionally, simultaneous electro-deposition of gold nanoparticles (ED (AuNPs)) and electro-polymerization of <small>L</small>-cysteine (EP (<small>L</small>-cys)) are introduced for the first time for modifying the surface of the working electrode through a paper-based microfluidic sensor. This study depicts that by employing such modification, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and the electron transfer rate are increased together and result in improved sensitivity. The modified μCS is depicted to enable sensitive voltametric determination of, <em>e.g.</em>, clozapine (CLZ), an anti-psychotic drug to treat schizophrenia. The proposed sensor was characterized by different techniques, and several key parameters were optimized. Under the optimum conditions and using square-wave voltametry (SWV), a linear dose–response for a concentration range from 0.5 to 10.0 μM of CLZ was achieved. The limit of detection and sensitivity resulted in 70.0 nM and 0.045 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> μM<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, respectively. Besides, this excellent sensitivity combines with high stability, which was tested for six repetitive measurements with a single device resulting in high reproducibility. Additionally, this procedure was validated with measurements of clozapine in human blood plasma, which demonstrated the excellent applicability of the device, rendering it a promising platform for point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Charles Khavul Spiro, Kundan Kumar Mishra, Vikram Narayanan Dhamu, Avi Bhatia, Sriram Muthukumar, Shalini Prasad
Detecting pesticides like atrazine is a significant global health challenge due to their association with numerous foodborne illnesses. Traditional detection methods often lack sensitivity and time efficiency, highlighting the urgent need for improved early detection techniques to mitigate pesticide contamination and outbreaks. This study introduces a novel portable electrochemical prototype that integrates an ARM-based microcontroller with an impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based biosensing system. The data processed through the algorithm generates easily interpretable impedance values. The platform demonstrates a broad detection range for atrazine (1 fg mL−1 to 10 ng mL−1) with a limit of detection (LoD) of 1 fg mL−1 and an assay processing time of approximately 5 minutes, showcasing its remarkable efficiency. The sensor consistently maintains cross-reactivity variation below 20%, ensuring reliable performance. This research aims to offer a low-cost, replicable mobile platform for biosensing applications, thereby enhancing access for individuals with limited lab-based research experience and broadening the scope of proactive pesticide monitoring.
由于阿特拉津等农药与多种食源性疾病有关，因此检测这类农药是一项重大的全球健康挑战。传统的检测方法往往缺乏灵敏度和时间效率，因此迫切需要改进早期检测技术，以减少农药污染和疫情爆发。本研究介绍了一种新型便携式电化学原型，它将基于 ARM 的微控制器与基于阻抗光谱（EIS）的生物传感系统集成在一起。通过算法处理的数据可生成易于解释的阻抗值。该平台对阿特拉津的检测范围很广（1 fg mL-1 至 10 ng mL-1），检测限（LoD）为 1 fg mL-1，检测处理时间约为 5 分钟，显示了其卓越的效率。该传感器的交叉反应变异始终保持在 20% 以下，确保了可靠的性能。这项研究旨在为生物传感应用提供一个低成本、可复制的移动平台，从而为实验室研究经验有限的人员提供更多机会，并扩大农药主动监测的范围。
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