Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Future Use in Aircraft Radomes: Biomimetic Design Approaches and Its Performances

The performance of polymer composites not only addresses challenges in aircraft components but also contributes to industries, such as automotive, architecture, marine, military, sports, and construction. Current manufacturing techniques and the expertise of engineers are crucial in identifying the most suitable biomimetic materials for specific applications. Based on the current literatures, the study on integrating biomimicry into fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites to develop aircraft radome is still lacking. Thus, this article reviews various types of composites used in aircraft manufacturing, emphasizing the potential of nature-inspired designs to enhance structural performance, with a particular focus on radomes, which protect radar equipment. Bio-inspired designs, shaped by millions of years of evolution, have proven to be highly effective in creating optimized, complex forms that complement the versatility of polymer composites. Given that many current aircraft components are made from metals with little or no shape optimization, applying biomimicry to aircraft radome design offers significant potential for creating lightweight, high-strength structures. The biomimetic approach using fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites has emerged as a promising strategy for developing improved structural components, offering enhanced mechanical properties, reduced weight, and greater sustainability, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly radome materials. A general overview of biomimicry in relation to aircraft radomes is provided, highlighting how composite materials have already contributed to successful innovations. The economic and environmental benefits of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites and biomimetic approaches are also discussed, with insights into materials that offer superior impact and chemical resistance at a lower cost.