Fibers and Polymers最新文献

Thermoset composites, commonly used in aerospace applications, offer excellent mechanical strength but face challenges related to repairability, recyclability, and limited energy absorption. As industries increasingly shift towards sustainable and damage-resistant materials, glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastics incorporating nanofillers, such as graphene, have attracted growing attention for their ability to enhance mechanical performance and durability under demanding service conditions. The main objective of this review is to evaluate and optimise glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites modified with silane treatment and nanofillers through the implementation of a quasi-isotropic stacking sequence mechanism. This study reviews and analyses previous research that primarily involved the extrusion of thermoplastics with graphene nanofillers, followed by mechanical (tensile and impact) and thermal evaluations, as well as morphological assessments using scanning electron microscopy to examine the effects of fibre treatment, mesh configuration, and nanofiller dispersion. Findings from these studies reveal that the inclusion of graphene nanofillers in glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites can enhance tensile strength by approximately 16%, improve impact resistance by 37–78%, and increase thermal stability by 15–20%. Overall, this review concludes that the addition of graphene significantly improves mechanical strength, thermal stability, and energy absorption, addressing performance and sustainability concerns in high-demand sectors. The insights presented also highlight potential pathways for future work aimed at refining composite composition, improving durability, and broadening industrial applications.

Different researches have been carried out on honeycomb weaves while focusing on shrinkage, sound absorption, and thermal protection via variation in cell size. However, limited research found about the examination of stretchable honeycomb woven fabrics’ mechanical properties by usage of elastomeric weft yarn. To address this research gap and expand the applications of honeycomb fabrics to apparels and technical textiles, the respective study analyzed the mechanical properties including tensile and tear strength, needle penetration resistance, and stretch and recovery of twelve woven honeycomb samples with three different structures, i.e., single ridge, double ridge, and Brighton weaves accompanying different weft sequences of cotton and T-400 stretch yarns. Characterization data highlighted that single ridge honeycomb weave structure exhibited the highest tensile strength and tear resistance owing to its highest average weave factor of 3.25, followed by Brighton honeycomb tensile and tear strength with 9% and 6% difference, respectively. While double ridge interlacement pattern exhibited the least and comparable tensile strength and needle puncture resistance to Brighton honeycomb structure. However, stretch and recovery test revealed that cotton-based single ridge structure showed the least stretch up to 1.3%, while Brighton structure with elastomeric weft yarn found better with up to 55% recovery.

Composite thin-walled lenticular booms are lightweight, foldable structures and are highly useful in satellite missions. The deployable lenticular booms, characterized by their high strain capacity, have gained significant interest and are increasingly utilized in the spacecraft sector due to their exceptional mechanical properties and folding capabilities. The present study focuses on the effect of geometric parameters for the parabolic deployable composite boom (DCB) featuring a lenticular cross section. A dynamic, nonlinear finite element model was developed using ABAQUS software to analyze strain energy accumulation during coiling and deployment and to perform modal analysis. The different combinations of cross-sectional characteristics, including variation of the height of the parabolic DCB (300–400 mm) and the radii of curvature of lenticular cross section (7–34 mm) were taken for analysis. The natural frequency drops when the height increases with larger radius of curvature for the parabolic DCB. The strain energy reached its maximum value at a radius of curvature of 11 mm, which attained 0.2 kJ at 400 mm height. Consequently, this analysis aids in the selection of the geometric characteristics of the parabolic DCB’s that are suitable for the application.

Applying discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) theory to model adsorption kinetics in textile exhaust dyeing introduces a novel methodological framework. However, the dual-state DTMC (DMC) model fails to capture the curvature of lag plots under large time steps. To address this limitation, we propose a generalized modeling approach—the three-state DTMC (TMC) model. The TMC model incorporates a three-state mechanism (free, transitional, and fully adsorbed) and employs a signed transition probability matrix to represent directional dynamics, thereby enabling more accurate modeling at coarser temporal resolutions. We validated the TMC model using five representative dye/fiber systems—reactive/cotton, direct/viscose, acid/wool, disperse/polyester, and basic/acrylic—covering a wide range of adsorption mechanisms and reversibility characteristics. Benchmarking against five classical kinetic models demonstrated that the TMC model outperforms existing approaches across multiple evaluation metrics, including adjusted R-squared, root-mean-square error, Bayesian information criterion, residual violin plots, and residual time-series analysis. By conceptualizing transfer regions as symmetric spaces, the TMC model avoids reliance on assumptions regarding rate-limiting steps, achieving universal applicability across diverse dyeing systems. Further analysis reveals that system equilibrium is determined exclusively by adsorption and desorption transition probabilities, which experimental conditions modulate to shape both dynamic evolution and steady-state distribution. By extending transition probabilities to signed values with directional meaning—where negatives indicate deviations from assumed transfer pathways—the TMC model retains the core structure of DMC while capturing complex adsorption dynamics. This work provides a unified framework for modeling textile dyeing kinetics and offers a practical extension of DTMC theory to dyeing processes.

In this study, a semisynthetic azo dye was synthesized through an environmentally benign azo coupling reaction between a natural extract from Tagetes erecta (marigold) flowers and 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (1,5-DAN). The process involved diazotization of 1,5-DAN under mild acidic conditions to generate a diazonium intermediate, which was then coupled with the renewable natural extract to produce a structurally robust and high-performance dye. This hybrid approach integrates renewable biomass with synthetic intermediates, reducing dependence on fully synthetic petrochemical dyes. The dyeing of polyester fabric was evaluated via kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic models, revealing that adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fits the Nernst isotherm, indicating favorable dye–fiber interactions and uniform surface adsorption. Dyeing under varying pH conditions resulted in stable brown shades exhibiting excellent fastness properties comparable to commercial disperse dyes. This work exemplifies a sustainable textile coloration strategy aligned with green chemistry principles, highlighting the use of renewable feedstocks, mild reaction conditions, and minimized environmental impact, thus offering a promising route toward eco-friendly textile processing.

Graphic Abstract

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides known for their ability to form inclusion complexes with various molecules due to their distinctive chemical structure. This characteristic enables cyclodextrins to alter guest molecules’ chemical and physical properties, rendering them useful across numerous applications. Volatile aromatic amines such as aniline are common environmental contaminants and can constitute a significant fraction of measured aromatic amines in indoor and industrial contexts. This study focuses on the capacity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to adsorb unpleasant odors by forming inclusion complexes with volatile organic compounds. Cotton fabric treated with β-CD was subjected to vapors of aniline and cyclohexylamine substances notorious for their pungent odors. A range of characterization techniques was utilized, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), to evaluate the formation and stability of the inclusion complexes.

This invention presents a new composite material made of waste electrical discharge machining (EDM) wire woven into a nylon mesh, which is then sandwiched between layers of carbon fiber. While recycling industrial waste to promote sustainability, the main goal is to improve mechanical properties including tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance. Incorporating waste EDM wire into the nylon mesh greatly enhances load distribution and bonding strength inside the composite. Combined with epoxy resin and carbon fiber mats, the material has a tensile strength of 310 MPa, flexural strength of 152.94 MPa, and impact resistance of 10.5 Joule. X-ray diffraction (XRD) research demonstrates the presence of both crystalline (from nylon and metallic EDM wire) and amorphous (from carbon fiber) phases, indicating that all components are effectively integrated. FESEM and EDX examination shows a well-bonded microstructure with carbon fibers incorporated in the nylon matrix and trace metallic residues, indicating the composite’s structural integrity and wear resistance. These developments show significant increases over conventional carbon fiber composites, therefore stressing the efficacy of the reinforcement approach. The method also tackles important problems like delamination and low flexural strength usually seen in conventional composites by using waste materials, and the invention not only improves material performance but also helps environmental sustainability by supporting circular economy ideas. Its lightweight and robust character makes it especially appropriate for automotive, aerospace, and building sectors where cutting weight without sacrificing strength is critical by lowering raw material prices, the invention also offers an economically feasible manufacturing technique by means of thorough mechanical testing and validation, and the invention shows great promise for replacing more durable, less sustainable materials in high-performance applications. All things considered. This study makes a significant contribution toward creating high-strength composite materials that are environmentally friendly for advanced industrial applications.

New azo disperse dyes 1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles based on 9,10-phenanthrenequinone nucleus (D1–D3) have been synthesized. The reaction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone with 4-methoxy-benzaldhyde produced 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-phenanthro [9,10-d] imidazole (A) which next was coupled with different diazonium salts of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, 2-aminophenol, and 1-aminoanthraquinone to give the newly azo disperse dyes (D1–D3). The structures of the synthetic dyes were established by applying elemental analyses, in addition to spectral techniques, including FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and GC/EI-MS. The synthesized dyes were employed on polyester and nylon fabrics with dyeing high-temperature and pressure techniques. The K/S values and UPF were measured. The fastness properties of the dyed fabrics using D–D3 exposed auspicious color fastness toward (light, rubbing, washing, and perspiration fastness). The testified dyes promoted higher antibacterial efficacies on nylon 6 and polyester fabrics versus Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium). The mechanism of antibacterial activity was suggested to be by action of D1–D3 against E. coli Lgt complexing with phosphatidylglycerol (PDB: 5AZB) that co-crystalized with the native ligand (palmitic acid). Also, some physicochemical, pharmacokinetic parameters, and drug-likeness (ADME) were achieved.