Plant Architecture Optimizes the Trait-Based Description and Classification of Vegetation

Trait-based approaches offer valuable perspectives for vegetation classification, but functional traits struggle to capture resource allocation among competing plants, showing limitations across scales. This study aimed to introduce plant architecture to enhance trait-based vegetation classification. Based on a forest transect survey along China's eastern coast from 2021 to 2023, data from 32 plots of coastal dwarf forests (CDF), characterized primarily by reduced plant height, and normal noncoastal dwarf forests (NCDF) were obtained. Their community characteristics were quantified, and classification and clustering models assessed the advantages of plant architecture in distinguishing these communities. The results indicated plant architecture traits are more critical for distinguishing different community types than leaf-based functional traits. Additionally, plant architecture traits are effective in clustering plant associations within the same community type. Because plant architectural traits are closely linked to habitat, phylogeny and community structure, providing a comprehensive description of vegetation. In contrast, traditional plant functional traits primarily reflect habitat information related to soil nutrients. Our findings underscore the importance of plant architecture in optimizing trait-based vegetation classification and suggest that variations in the plasticity of plant architecture traits may support the classification of CDF as a distinct vegetation unit.