Histological Evaluation of Photobiomodulation and Calcium Aluminosilicate on Direct Pulp Capping of Dogs' Permanent Teeth.

Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is beneficial to biological tissues; depending on the optical dose that is absorbed by tissues, it can function as a biostimulative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory mediator. Thus, the current research aimed to assess the impacts of PBM and Calcium aluminosilicate-based material on direct pulp capping (DPC) of dogs' permanent teeth through histological analysis. Methods: To study DPC of dogs' teeth, we separated 24 canines and premolars obtained from mature, healthy mongrel dogs into four equal groups: group 1, which served as the control (exposed pulp was covered with a sterile polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon tape); group 2, which received PBM treatment using a 980 nm diode laser with a 100 mw output power for one minute; group 3: Calcium aluminosilicate-based material; group 4: Calcium aluminosilicate+PBM. In accordance with the assessment period, each group was divided into three equal subcategories: (A) 1 week; (B) 2 months; (C) 3 months. The teeth were evaluated histologically for inflammatory response and dentine bridge formation. Results: Statistical analysis detected that there was a significant difference between PBM, Calcium aluminosilicate cement, and the combination group of PBM and Calcium aluminosilicate related to the control group in variant evaluation periods regarding the inflammatory response and dentine bridge thickness through the histological analysis. In relation to the inflammatory response after one week, the combined group (Calcium silicate cement+PBM) exhibited a significantly decreased intensity of inflammation compared to other groups at an identical time. As for dentin bridge creation, the PBM+calcium aluminosilicate group detected thicker dentine bridge creation at three months than other studied groups. Conclusion: Combined with calcium aluminosilicate-based material, PBM using a 980 nm diode laser with output power of 100 mw for one minute decreased the initial inflammatory response and enhanced a complete thick dentine bridge formation.