Transforming high-resolution imaging: A comprehensive review of advances in metasurfaces and metalenses

Meta-optics, particularly through the use of metasurfaces (MSs), have revolutionized high-resolution imaging (HRI) by enabling unprecedented control over light at the subwavelength scale. Metalenses (MLs), a key component of meta-optics, can correct chromatic aberrations and focus light with extreme precision, surpassing the limitations of traditional optics. Their compact design and ability to manipulate various wavelengths and polarizations of light allow for ultra-thin, lightweight imaging systems with enhanced resolution. These advancements are pushing the boundaries of imaging technologies in applications such as microscopy, sensing, and even consumer electronics. This review highlights recent advancements in MSs, with a focus on MLs for HRI. Additionally, the integration of deep learning techniques is explored, demonstrating enhanced imaging performance. Prospects and potential developments in ML technology are discussed, providing insights into their role in advancing next-generation imaging systems.