A systematic review on the impact of artificial intelligence on electrocardiograms in cardiology

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous industries, enhancing efficiency, scalability, and insight generation. In cardiology, particularly through electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, AI has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the time needed for diagnosis. This systematic review explores the integration of AI, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) in ECG analysis, focusing on their impact on predictive diagnostics and treatment support in cardiology.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 framework, using four high-impact databases to identify studies from 2014 to -2024. The inclusion criteria included English-language journal articles and research papers that focused on AI applications in cardiology, specifically ECG analysis. Records were screened, duplicates were removed, and final selections were made on the basis of their relevance to AI-ECG integration for cardiac health.

Results

The review included 46 studies that met the inclusion criteria, covering diverse AI models such as CNNs, RNNs, and hybrid models. These models were applied to ECG data to detect and predict heart conditions such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. These findings indicate that AI-driven ECG analysis improves diagnostic accuracy and provides significant support for early diagnosis and personalized treatment.

Conclusions

AI technologies, especially ML and DL, enhance ECG-based cardiology diagnostics by increasing accuracy, reducing diagnosis time, and supporting timely interventions and personalized care. Continued research in this area is essential to refine algorithms and integrate AI tools into clinical practice for improved patient outcomes in cardiology.