Implications of prenatal exposure to hyperandrogen for hippocampal neurodevelopment and autism-like behavior in offspring

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that significantly jeopardizes the physical and mental well-being of children. Autism spectrum disorder results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Hyperandrogenic exposure during pregnancy increases their risk of developing autism. Nevertheless, the prenatal exposure to androgens affects offspring neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, administration of excessive dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to pregnant mice was found to impair neuronal development and dendritic spine formation in offspring, inducing autism-like behaviors. Furthermore, through mRNA transcriptome sequencing technology, the key molecule Nr4a2 was identified during this process of change. Overexpression of Nr4a2 and treatment with amodiaquine (AQ) significantly improved the abnormal phenotypes in offspring caused by prenatal exposure to androgens. Overall, Nr4a2 emerges as a crucial molecule involved in the impairment of offspring neurodevelopment due to prenatal androgen exposure, which provides a new perspective for the in-depth study of the influencing factors and underlying mechanisms.