Effects of granule disintegration and re-granulation on the physiological characteristics and microbial diversity of anammox granules.

The impact of artificial disintegration and re-granulation of anammox granules on the granule size, Extra-cellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) composition, microbial community characteristics, and the performance of the anammox process was investigated. Before the granule disintegration, the Dv50 and Granulation Index (GI) were 1280 μm and 54.62%, respectively. Following two cycles of disintegration and re-granulation process, these values shifted to 463 μm and 81.53%, respectively. This indicates that the disintegration and re-granulation process helped to form denser particles. The reduction in total EPS content and the increase in the PS/PN ratio of EPS well reflect these particle characteristics. Additionally, the disintegration and re-granulation process increased the dominance of Kuenenia Stuttgartiensis, which is well adapted to high salinity (2%) conditions, from 11.2% to 68.1%. By artificially disintegrating the granules and inducing re-granulation, it was possible to increase the dominance of specific anammox microorganisms with enhanced resilience of the anammox process.