Implementation of hardware technologies in offsite construction (2014–2023)

Attention to offsite construction (OSC) is increasing as it can reduce construction problems. At the same time, researchers are exploring various technologies to maximize the benefits of OSC and minimize its challenges. In contrast to other review papers that have studied the implementation of technologies in OSC with a particular focus on a specific application, a wide range of or a group of technologies, this paper presents a systematic review of hardware technologies that can be used physically in OSC. After analyzing 130 articles published in the last decade from 2014, the technologies were categorized into three groups. These technologies are examined along with their integrations under mono- and multi-technology approaches to determine the applications of technologies, their implementation maturity in studies, and their advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, this paper outlines its impacts on practitioners and identifies future needs, clarifying the path for practitioners and researchers.