Developing virtual reality tourism for people with dementia based on meeting psychological and behavioural needs

Research has demonstrated that nature-based travel interventions can enhance the mental well-being of individuals with dementia by mitigating symptoms of depression and increasing enjoyment. Virtual reality (VR) offers a controlled environment for continuous treatment, enabling dementia patients to revisit preferred virtual locations and activities. This study aimed to: (1) develop a VR tourism program to address psychological and behavioural issues in dementia patients; (2) assess VR's efficacy as an intervention tool; and (3) determine key elements of virtual environments that promote mental health. The research was conducted in three stages. In the initial phase, 103 participants from a dementia care centre in Kolkata, India were recruited. Through surveys and questionnaires, activities that improved their mental well-being were identified and categorized into five types of psychological needs. Comfort was frequently cited as a factor in reducing behavioural and psychological issues. Both love and comfort were found to assist dementia patients in maintaining their sense of identity, thereby improving overall well-being. The second phase involved designing the VR program to meet psychological requirements, emphasizing immersion and engagement based on individual preferences and emotions. In the final phase, ten participants meeting inclusion criteria completed a feasibility test. The researchers evaluated respondents' level of immersion, preference, and interaction with the VR tourism program using a 5-point Likert scale. The study's findings indicated that the VR program has potential to improve the mental well-being of individuals with dementia. Additionally, dementia patients were found to derive satisfaction from activities related to leisure, socializing, and employment, which contribute to their sense of autonomy and individuality.