{"title":"在美国乔治亚州开发利用伐木残留物的可持续航空燃料供应链模型","authors":"Hosne Ara Akter , Yu-Kai Huang , Puneet Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103401","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) as a drop-in fuel from biomass feedstocks can reduce carbon emissions and provide resiliency to the aviation sector in light of the volatile nature of conventional aviation fuel (CAF) prices. This study aims to develop a supply chain model for SAF derived from unutilized logging residues across Georgia, a prominent forestry state located in the southern region of the United States. We employed a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to minimize the total discounted cost of the SAF supply chain using the Ethanol-to-Jet (ETJ) production pathway over ten years of operation. Three SAF demand scenarios were selected, i.e., meeting 20 % (high), 10 % (medium), and 5 % (low) of total SAF demand at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Results indicate a unit production cost of US $1.92 L<sup>−1</sup>, US $2.03 L<sup>−1</sup>, and US $2.25 L<sup>−1</sup> for the high, medium, and low demand scenarios, respectively. Over a period of ten years, to produce 3.74, 1.87, and 0.94 billion liters of SAF in scenarios A, B, and C, respectively, 38.5, 19.2, and 9.6 million Mg of logging residues are required. The capital investment and operating cost at biorefineries accounted for an average of 77 % and 22 % of the total unit cost, respectively, across scenarios. The GHG intensity of the SAF was 767 g CO<sub>2</sub>e L<sup>−1</sup> on average across scenarios, providing about 70 % of carbon savings relative to CAF. The supply chain model suggested 54 biomass processing units (BPUs) and 13 bio-refineries across Georgia under the high demand scenario, 27 BPUs and 7 bio-refineries under the medium scenario, and 14 BPUs and 4 bio-refineries under the low SAF demand scenario. Our study is expected to provide new insights into the emerging market of SAF in Georgia and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Developing a supply chain model for sustainable aviation fuel using logging residues in Georgia, United States\",\"authors\":\"Hosne Ara Akter , Yu-Kai Huang , Puneet Dwivedi\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103401\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) as a drop-in fuel from biomass feedstocks can reduce carbon emissions and provide resiliency to the aviation sector in light of the volatile nature of conventional aviation fuel (CAF) prices. This study aims to develop a supply chain model for SAF derived from unutilized logging residues across Georgia, a prominent forestry state located in the southern region of the United States. We employed a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to minimize the total discounted cost of the SAF supply chain using the Ethanol-to-Jet (ETJ) production pathway over ten years of operation. Three SAF demand scenarios were selected, i.e., meeting 20 % (high), 10 % (medium), and 5 % (low) of total SAF demand at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Results indicate a unit production cost of US $1.92 L<sup>−1</sup>, US $2.03 L<sup>−1</sup>, and US $2.25 L<sup>−1</sup> for the high, medium, and low demand scenarios, respectively. Over a period of ten years, to produce 3.74, 1.87, and 0.94 billion liters of SAF in scenarios A, B, and C, respectively, 38.5, 19.2, and 9.6 million Mg of logging residues are required. The capital investment and operating cost at biorefineries accounted for an average of 77 % and 22 % of the total unit cost, respectively, across scenarios. The GHG intensity of the SAF was 767 g CO<sub>2</sub>e L<sup>−1</sup> on average across scenarios, providing about 70 % of carbon savings relative to CAF. The supply chain model suggested 54 biomass processing units (BPUs) and 13 bio-refineries across Georgia under the high demand scenario, 27 BPUs and 7 bio-refineries under the medium scenario, and 14 BPUs and 4 bio-refineries under the low SAF demand scenario. Our study is expected to provide new insights into the emerging market of SAF in Georgia and beyond.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12451,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forest Policy and Economics\",\"volume\":\"170 \",\"pages\":\"Article 103401\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forest Policy and Economics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124002557\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECONOMICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forest Policy and Economics","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124002557","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
可持续航空燃料(SAF)作为生物质原料的替代燃料,可以减少碳排放,并在传统航空燃料(CAF)价格波动的情况下为航空部门提供弹性。本研究的目的是开发一个供应链模型的SAF来源于未利用的伐木残留物在格鲁吉亚,一个著名的林业州位于美国南部地区。我们采用了混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型,以最小化使用乙醇制喷气(ETJ)生产路径的SAF供应链在十年运营中的总折扣成本。选择了三种SAF需求方案,即满足哈茨菲尔德-杰克逊亚特兰大国际机场SAF总需求的20%(高),10%(中等)和5%(低)。结果表明,在高、中、低需求情景下,单位生产成本分别为1.92 L−1、2.03 L−1和2.25 L−1美元。在10年的时间里,在a、B和C三种情况下,要生产37.4亿升、18.7亿升和9.4亿升的SAF,分别需要385、1920和960万Mg的采伐残留物。在各种情况下,生物精炼厂的资本投资和运营成本平均分别占总单位成本的77%和22%。SAF的温室气体强度在各情景中平均为767 g CO2e L−1,相对于CAF提供了约70%的碳节约。该供应链模型建议在高需求情景下,佐治亚州有54个生物质处理单元(bpu)和13个生物精炼厂,在中等需求情景下有27个bpu和7个生物精炼厂,在低SAF需求情景下有14个bpu和4个生物精炼厂。我们的研究有望为格鲁吉亚及其他地区的SAF新兴市场提供新的见解。
Developing a supply chain model for sustainable aviation fuel using logging residues in Georgia, United States
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) as a drop-in fuel from biomass feedstocks can reduce carbon emissions and provide resiliency to the aviation sector in light of the volatile nature of conventional aviation fuel (CAF) prices. This study aims to develop a supply chain model for SAF derived from unutilized logging residues across Georgia, a prominent forestry state located in the southern region of the United States. We employed a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to minimize the total discounted cost of the SAF supply chain using the Ethanol-to-Jet (ETJ) production pathway over ten years of operation. Three SAF demand scenarios were selected, i.e., meeting 20 % (high), 10 % (medium), and 5 % (low) of total SAF demand at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Results indicate a unit production cost of US $1.92 L−1, US $2.03 L−1, and US $2.25 L−1 for the high, medium, and low demand scenarios, respectively. Over a period of ten years, to produce 3.74, 1.87, and 0.94 billion liters of SAF in scenarios A, B, and C, respectively, 38.5, 19.2, and 9.6 million Mg of logging residues are required. The capital investment and operating cost at biorefineries accounted for an average of 77 % and 22 % of the total unit cost, respectively, across scenarios. The GHG intensity of the SAF was 767 g CO2e L−1 on average across scenarios, providing about 70 % of carbon savings relative to CAF. The supply chain model suggested 54 biomass processing units (BPUs) and 13 bio-refineries across Georgia under the high demand scenario, 27 BPUs and 7 bio-refineries under the medium scenario, and 14 BPUs and 4 bio-refineries under the low SAF demand scenario. Our study is expected to provide new insights into the emerging market of SAF in Georgia and beyond.
期刊介绍:
Forest Policy and Economics is a leading scientific journal that publishes peer-reviewed policy and economics research relating to forests, forested landscapes, forest-related industries, and other forest-relevant land uses. It also welcomes contributions from other social sciences and humanities perspectives that make clear theoretical, conceptual and methodological contributions to the existing state-of-the-art literature on forests and related land use systems. These disciplines include, but are not limited to, sociology, anthropology, human geography, history, jurisprudence, planning, development studies, and psychology research on forests. Forest Policy and Economics is global in scope and publishes multiple article types of high scientific standard. Acceptance for publication is subject to a double-blind peer-review process.