Lunxin Chen, Wenhao Qu, Ruixiang Yan, Beiwang Deng, Jian Sun, Yan Wang, Xiaoping Duan, Duanying Li
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Subgroup analysis revealed varying improvements across age stages. In CMJ, the early adolescence (EA) group (MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI (1.74, 3.40)), mid-adolescence (MA) group (MD = 3.04 cm, 95% CI (2.30, 3.79)), and post-adolescence (PA) group (MD = 3.89 cm, 95% CI (1.96, 5.81)) showed progressive enhancement. The MA group exhibited superior improvements in SJ (MD = 3.78 cm, 95% CI (2.19, 5.36)) and 20-m sprint (MD = - 0.11 s, 95% CI (- 0.18, - 0.05)) compared to the EA group (SJ: MD = 2.10 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 2.77); sprint: MD = - 0.06 s, 95% CI (- 0.11, - 0.01)). The PA group showed no significant improvements (SJ: MD = 1.31 cm, 95% CI (- 1.05, 3.67); sprint: MD = - 0.27 s, 95% CI (- 0.61, 0.07)). For female adolescents, plyometric training effectively improved CMJ (MD = 2.55 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 3.66)), SJ (MD = 2.33 cm, 95% CI (1.36, 3.31)), and 20-m sprint performance (MD = - 0.22 s, 95% CI (- 0.33, - 0.12)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plyometric training significantly enhances lower limb explosive strength in both male and female adolescents, with age-dependent effects for male adolescents. The greatest improvement in CMJ was observed in the PA stage, followed by the MA stage, while the EA stage showed the least. The MA stage exhibited the best improvements in SJ and sprint performance.</p><p><strong>Trail registry: </strong>The study has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023406914).</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Timing is everything: the age-related impact of plyometric training on lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its general effectiveness in female adolescents.\",\"authors\":\"Lunxin Chen, Wenhao Qu, Ruixiang Yan, Beiwang Deng, Jian Sun, Yan Wang, Xiaoping Duan, Duanying Li\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00421-024-05683-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the impact of plyometric training on age-related lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its effectiveness in female adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough search was conducted across five databases from their inception until September 20, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool, and data analysis was performed with Stata 15 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plyometric training positively affected countermovement jump (CMJ) (MD = 2.90 cm, 95% CI (2.35, 3.45)), squat jump (SJ) (MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI (1.69, 3.44)), and 20-m sprint performance (MD = - 0.09 s, 95% CI (- 0.14, - 0.05)). Subgroup analysis revealed varying improvements across age stages. In CMJ, the early adolescence (EA) group (MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI (1.74, 3.40)), mid-adolescence (MA) group (MD = 3.04 cm, 95% CI (2.30, 3.79)), and post-adolescence (PA) group (MD = 3.89 cm, 95% CI (1.96, 5.81)) showed progressive enhancement. The MA group exhibited superior improvements in SJ (MD = 3.78 cm, 95% CI (2.19, 5.36)) and 20-m sprint (MD = - 0.11 s, 95% CI (- 0.18, - 0.05)) compared to the EA group (SJ: MD = 2.10 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 2.77); sprint: MD = - 0.06 s, 95% CI (- 0.11, - 0.01)). The PA group showed no significant improvements (SJ: MD = 1.31 cm, 95% CI (- 1.05, 3.67); sprint: MD = - 0.27 s, 95% CI (- 0.61, 0.07)). For female adolescents, plyometric training effectively improved CMJ (MD = 2.55 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 3.66)), SJ (MD = 2.33 cm, 95% CI (1.36, 3.31)), and 20-m sprint performance (MD = - 0.22 s, 95% CI (- 0.33, - 0.12)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plyometric training significantly enhances lower limb explosive strength in both male and female adolescents, with age-dependent effects for male adolescents. The greatest improvement in CMJ was observed in the PA stage, followed by the MA stage, while the EA stage showed the least. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：研究增强训练对男性青少年年龄相关下肢爆发力的影响及其对女性青少年的有效性。方法：对5个数据库从建立到2024年9月20日进行全面检索。使用Cochrane风险评估工具评估研究质量，使用Stata 15软件进行数据分析。结果：增强训练对反向动作跳跃（CMJ） （MD = 2.90 cm, 95% CI(2.35, 3.45)）、深蹲跳跃（SJ） （MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI(1.69, 3.44)）和20米冲刺表现（MD = - 0.09 s, 95% CI(- 0.14, - 0.05)）有积极影响。亚组分析显示不同年龄阶段的改善有所不同。在CMJ中，青春期早期（EA）组（MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI(1.74, 3.40)）、青春期中期（MA）组（MD = 3.04 cm, 95% CI(2.30, 3.79)）和青春期后（PA）组（MD = 3.89 cm, 95% CI(1.96, 5.81)）表现出进行性增强。与EA组(SJ: MD = 2.10 cm, 95% CI（1.43, 2.77）相比，MA组在SJ （MD = 3.78 cm, 95% CI(2.19, 5.36)）和20米冲刺（MD = - 0.11 s, 95% CI(- 0.18, - 0.05)）方面有显著改善；sprint: MD = - 0.06 s, 95% CI（- 0.11, - 0.01）。PA组无明显改善(SJ: MD = 1.31 cm, 95% CI (- 1.05, 3.67)；sprint: MD = - 0.27 s, 95% CI（- 0.61, 0.07）。对于女性青少年，增强训练有效地改善了CMJ (MD = 2.55 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 3.66)), SJ （MD = 2.33 cm, 95% CI(1.36, 3.31)）和20米短跑成绩（MD = - 0.22 s, 95% CI(- 0.33, - 0.12)）。结论：增强训练对男女青少年下肢爆发力均有显著的增强作用，且对男性青少年具有年龄依赖性。PA期CMJ改善最大，MA期次之，EA期改善最小。MA阶段对SJ和冲刺性能的改善效果最好。试验注册：该研究已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册（PROSPERO: CRD42023406914）中注册。
Timing is everything: the age-related impact of plyometric training on lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its general effectiveness in female adolescents.
Objective: This study investigates the impact of plyometric training on age-related lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its effectiveness in female adolescents.
Methods: A thorough search was conducted across five databases from their inception until September 20, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool, and data analysis was performed with Stata 15 software.
Results: Plyometric training positively affected countermovement jump (CMJ) (MD = 2.90 cm, 95% CI (2.35, 3.45)), squat jump (SJ) (MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI (1.69, 3.44)), and 20-m sprint performance (MD = - 0.09 s, 95% CI (- 0.14, - 0.05)). Subgroup analysis revealed varying improvements across age stages. In CMJ, the early adolescence (EA) group (MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI (1.74, 3.40)), mid-adolescence (MA) group (MD = 3.04 cm, 95% CI (2.30, 3.79)), and post-adolescence (PA) group (MD = 3.89 cm, 95% CI (1.96, 5.81)) showed progressive enhancement. The MA group exhibited superior improvements in SJ (MD = 3.78 cm, 95% CI (2.19, 5.36)) and 20-m sprint (MD = - 0.11 s, 95% CI (- 0.18, - 0.05)) compared to the EA group (SJ: MD = 2.10 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 2.77); sprint: MD = - 0.06 s, 95% CI (- 0.11, - 0.01)). The PA group showed no significant improvements (SJ: MD = 1.31 cm, 95% CI (- 1.05, 3.67); sprint: MD = - 0.27 s, 95% CI (- 0.61, 0.07)). For female adolescents, plyometric training effectively improved CMJ (MD = 2.55 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 3.66)), SJ (MD = 2.33 cm, 95% CI (1.36, 3.31)), and 20-m sprint performance (MD = - 0.22 s, 95% CI (- 0.33, - 0.12)).
Conclusion: Plyometric training significantly enhances lower limb explosive strength in both male and female adolescents, with age-dependent effects for male adolescents. The greatest improvement in CMJ was observed in the PA stage, followed by the MA stage, while the EA stage showed the least. The MA stage exhibited the best improvements in SJ and sprint performance.
Trail registry: The study has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023406914).
期刊介绍：
The European Journal of Applied Physiology (EJAP) aims to promote mechanistic advances in human integrative and translational physiology. Physiology is viewed broadly, having overlapping context with related disciplines such as biomechanics, biochemistry, endocrinology, ergonomics, immunology, motor control, and nutrition. EJAP welcomes studies dealing with physical exercise, training and performance. Studies addressing physiological mechanisms are preferred over descriptive studies. Papers dealing with animal models or pathophysiological conditions are not excluded from consideration, but must be clearly relevant to human physiology.
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