Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Additively Manufactured Resins Using Digital Light Processing Technology in Dentistry: A Systematic Review.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of build orientation on the mechanical and physical properties of additively manufactured resin using digital light processing (DLP).

Background: The properties of 3D-printed materials are influenced by various factors, including the type of additive manufacturing (AM) system and build orientation. There is a scarcity of literature on the effect of build orientation on the mechanical and physical properties of additively manufactured resins using DLP technology in dentistry.

Methods: This study followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. The formulated population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question was "What is the effect of build orientation on the mechanical and physical properties of additively manufactured resins produced using DLP in dentistry."  The search strategy used three main electronic databases and an additional manual search was done until February 2024. All the studies that evaluated the correlation of build orientation and the properties of printed resin using DLP were included. Two different analysis was used for in vivo and in vitro studies to assess the risk of bias.

Review results: On search 237 studies were yielded for systematic review, out of which 13 studies were included for the systematic review evaluation. On evaluation and reviewing the included studies, though the build orientation angle influenced the properties of printed resins the results obtained were varied as 90° angle had increased compressive strength, low surface roughness, and best accuracy. The 0° angle had better wear resistance, tensile strength, and high flexural strength. There was no influence of build orientation on microhardness, shear bond strength, gloss and color difference. The studies on denture base showed that 45° build angle showed the truest with best accuracy.

Conclusion: The build orientation angle effects on both the mechanical and physical properties of the additively manufactured resin but varies with each property. The build orientation can be chosen based on the type of properties to be achieved based on the treatment modality.

Clinical significance: Based on the systematic review results the specific build orientation angle should be used during fabrication of any denture designs, crowns, and bridges as it is correlated with the properties to be achieved by particular designs. How to cite this article: Paranna S, Thosar N, Kanitkar A. Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Additively Manufactured Resins Using Digital Light Processing Technology in Dentistry: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(9):891-903.