Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice最新文献

How to cite this article: Russo D, Almeida LE, Ronsivalle V, et al. Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Masticatory Muscle Function. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):997-1000. Keywords: Apnea-hypopnea index, Diabetes, Obstructive sleep apnea, Temporomandibular joint.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface morphology, wettability, roughness, and bacterial adhesion properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials fabricated by conventional methods and 3D printing for complete denture applications.

Materials and methods: Two PMMA materials were investigated: Conventionally processed (ProBase Hot) and 3D-printed (3DP) (V-Print Dentbase). Surface morphology (n = 3) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Surface roughness (n = 10) was measured using an optical profilometer. Wettability was assessed through contact angle measurements (n = 6) at 10, 30, and 60 seconds. Bacterial adhesion (n = 9) and biofilm formation (n = 3) were evaluated using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model organism, with quantitative bacterial counts and SEM analysis of bacterial morphology. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results: Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed nanoparticles on the surface of 3DP samples, while EDX detected silicon in these samples, absent in conventional PMMA. 3D-printed surfaces exhibited significantly lower roughness (1.05 ± 0.32 µm) compared to conventional surfaces (20.46 ± 6.71 µm) (p < 0.001). Contact angle measurements showed that 3DP surfaces were more hydrophilic (64-68°) than conventional surfaces (100°) (p < 0.05). Bacterial adhesion studies demonstrated more adherent bacteria on 3DP surfaces (92.5 ± 30.8) compared to the conventional surfaces (57.6 ± 12.5), but biofilm formation was observed only on conventional surfaces.

Conclusion: 3D-printed PMMA exhibited distinct surface characteristics compared to conventionally processed PMMA, including the presence of silicon nanoparticles, lower surface roughness, and higher hydrophilicity. While 3DP surfaces showed higher initial bacterial adherence, in contrast, they appeared to inhibit biofilm formation, which highlights the complex nature of bacterial interactions with these materials.

Clinical significance: Further clinical studies are needed to validate the results of this investigation and generate clinical translational data. How to cite this article: Khoury P, Kharouf N, Etienne O, et al. Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Adhesion of Conventional and 3D Printed Complete Denture PMMA Materials: An In Vitro Study - Part I. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1001-1008.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the color matching of OMNICHROMA (OM), a universal shade composite, to the well-established 3M Filtek Z350 composites (FT).

Materials and methods: An in vitro experimental study was conducted on 80 freshly extracted permanent teeth, with intact buccal surfaces. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups: Group I OM and groups II, III, and IV (3M Filtek Z350 in shades A3, A3.5, and B2, respectively). Class V cavity preparations were created and restored using the respective composites. Color matching was assessed instrumentally using a spectrophotometer to calculate the color difference (ΔE) values and visually by three trained observers using a standardized visual scoring system.

Results: Visual assessments showed no significant differences in color matching across the four groups. However, the ΔE color matching analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.0001), with OM exhibiting higher ΔE values compared to FT shades A3.5 and B2. No significant difference was found between OM and shade A3.

Conclusion: OMNICHROMA demonstrated excellent visual color matching, comparable to the various shades of FT composites. Despite the higher ΔE values observed instrumentally in comparison to shades A3.5 and B2, OM's ability to blend with different tooth shades visually was highly effective.

Clinical significance: These results suggest that OM offers a versatile and reliable option for achieving satisfactory esthetic outcomes, reducing the need for multiple shade variations in restorative procedures. How to cite this article: Bisharah WF, Zahran AS, Rajeh MT, et al. In Vitro Comparison of Color Matching: Universal Shade Composite Resin vs Multi-shade Conventional Composite. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1039-1044.

Aim and objective: To measure and contrast primary stability metrics, such as insertion torque values and implant stability quotient (IQS) at the time of implant placement, and secondary stability metrics, such as ISQ three months post-implant insertion, between implants inserted in osteotomy sites prepared with conventional drills and osseodensification drills (OD) in the femoral condyles of female New Zealand white rabbits, which are characterized by low-density D4 type bone.

Materials and methods: Eight female New Zealand white strain rabbits, each 14 weeks old and weighing approximately 2.5 ± 0.3 kg, were utilized for this study. Using aseptic techniques and local anesthesia, a 3.1 × 8 mm implant was inserted into the rabbit's left femoral condyle using conventional drills (group I) from the Zimmer surgical kit. Similarly, using Densah drills (group II), a 3.1 mm × 8 mm implant was inserted into the rabbit's right femoral condyle. Primary implant stability was evaluated using insertional torque and ISQ values during insertion of implants using a torque wrench and radiofrequency analyzer, respectively. Secondary implant stability was evaluated by measuring ISQ values three months after implant placement.

Results: Group I had a mean insertional torque of 31.13 ± 1.727 Ncm, while group II had 33.00 ± 1.309 Ncm. ISQ during insertion was 63.63 ± 5.927 in group I and 63.62 ± 7.615 in group II. After three months, ISQ was 67.25 ± 6.45 in group II and 75 ± 6.85 in group II. Significant differences were found in insertional torque (p = 0.028), ISQ after three months (p = 0.0353), and ISQ changes over time (p = 0.001), but not in ISQ at the time of implant placement.

Conclusion: The investigation demonstrated that implants placed using the OD exhibited superior initial stability and subsequent stability progression compared to those placed using conventional drilling techniques in a rabbit model.

Clinical significance: Primary and secondary implant stability are critical factors for successful implant treatment in clinical practice. Osseodensification demonstrates a higher insertional torque and implant stability quotient by enhancing bone density and volume surrounding implants. This enhanced stability can lead to improved osseointegration and reduced healing times, ultimately benefiting patients with compromised bone quality. How to cite this article: Arpudaswamy S, Ali SSA, Karthigeyan S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Osseodensification vs Conventional Osteotomy Technique on Primary and Secondary Implant Stability in Rabbit Model Split Body RCT. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1052-1059.

Aim: Preservation of ridge dimensions is the important aspect after tooth extraction for prosthetic and implant rehabilitation. Titanium-platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF) is an autologous biomaterial, and when used with bone graft it could enhance the bone regeneration. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of T-PRF with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) and T-PRF with demineralized bone matrix (DMBM).

Materials and methods: Twenty systemically healthy patients were included in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups. Ten patients were treated with atraumatic extraction followed by ridge preservation using Nano-HA bone graft and T-PRF. In another group of ten patients, ridge preservation was done using a xenograft-DMBM. Preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and postoperative CBCT after 3 months were evaluated for bone fill. The clinical parameters of ridge width (RW) and ridge height were measured clinically, with the help of UNC 15 probe, after 3 months.

Results: The treatment modality resulted in significant bone fill in CBCT and adequate RW clinically in both the groups. The mean bone density in the Nano-HA + T-PRF group was recorded as 776.72 ± 223.94, and 854.72 ± 183.57 was observed in the DMBM + T-PRF group, after 14-16 weeks.

Conclusion: The study's findings indicate that ridge preservation performed at the time of extraction is a reliable and predictable approach for minimizing alveolar bone resorption. Additionally, the combination of T-PRF with bone grafts yields effective results in a relatively short timeframe.

Clinical significance: This technique involves combining osteoconductive material from Nano-HA and DMBM and the growth factor-rich matrix of T PRF for quicker healing and better esthetic and functional results. It reduces morbidity in patients, does not require an autogenous graft, is biocompatible, and is economical; therefore, both clinical practice and regenerative research in the field of dentistry are advanced. Hence, it is one of the important evidences through this original study. How to cite this article: Patil RT, Dhadse PV, Salian SS, et al. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite and Demineralized Bone Matrix Combined with Titanium-platelet Rich Fibrin for Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1069-1076.

Aim: To compare the fracture resistance of anterior teeth restored with either glass fiber post (GFP) and conventional lithium disilicate (LDS) crowns or endocrowns made of LDS or hybrid ceramics.

Materials and methods: A total of 21 central incisors with 2-mm ferrule and 1-mm shoulder finish line were applied in this investigation. The teeth were divided into three main groups (n = 7) according to the type of restoration used: PC glass fiber post (GFP) and e-max crown, EE (LDS endocrown), and VE (Vita-Enamic endocrown). Mechanical cyclic loading was conducted in a chewing simulator to simulate 6 months of clinical use. Fracture resistance and failure mode were assessed; further examination of fractured specimens was done with scanning electron microscopy.

Results: Post-hoc Tukey's test was performed to investigate the pairwise differences in fracture resistance among the three groups, and the results were p = 0.0452 between PC and VE groups, which is significant statistically. In contrast, p = 0.0615 between PC and EE groups, which is not significantly different. Chi-square test was made to analyze the results of mode of failure among the three groups, and there was a significant difference; p-value = 0.0289.

Conclusion: The LDS endocrowns show fracture resistance similar to that of GFP-supported full coverage LDS crowns, with advantage of more restorable mode of fractures. Vita-Enamic endocrowns, despite having fracture resistance lower than other groups, showed fracture resistance higher than the physiologic load, with restorable fractures more than both LDS endocrowns and GFP LDS crowns.

Clinical significance: For dental practitioners, endocrowns in damaged anterior endodontically treated teeth provide similar fracture resistance to GFP and full crowns, with the advantage of more restorable fractures if occurred. How to cite this article: Mohamed AA, Badawy MBA, El-Kouedi AMY, et al. Fracture Resistance of Anterior Teeth Restored with Post-retained Ceramic Crown vs Ceramic Endocrowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1045-1051.

Aim: To evaluate and correlate levels of serum calcium and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D) in subjects with periodontitis and in subjects with healthy periodontium before and following nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Materials and methods: A total of 52 patients were enrolled in the study with 26 patients in each group. The control group included patients without periodontitis, whereas the study group included patients with periodontitis. On the first visit, ~ 3-5 mL of venous blood was collected from all the participants for the assessment of calcium and Vitamin D levels in the blood. The various parameters evaluated included probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (Loe and Silness 1963). Plaque index (Silness and Loe 1964), and IOPA (site having greatest pocket depth). Participants of both the groups received NSPT which involved extensive scaling and root planing. On the second visit (after 3 months), the same clinical parameters except IOPA were recorded in all the participants. On the third visit (after 6 months from the first visit), the blood sample was again collected for the evaluation of serum calcium and Vitamin D, and all the parameters of baseline were recorded.

Result: The result of the study showed that Vitamin D levels at baseline were less in test subjects (12.73 ± 2.25) as compared to controls (17.81 ± 4.03), which improved at 6 months for the test group (24.53 ± 1.98) but not the control group (17.8 ± 4.14) following NSPT. All the clinical parameters improved for both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the calcium levels of both groups at baseline or 6 months.

Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were found to be lower in periodontitis patients than healthy controls, vitamin D levels improved in the test subjects along with the clinical parameters following NSPT highlighting the beneficial role of Vitamin D in maintaining periodontal health. No changes were seen in calcium levels in either of the groups at any point in time.

Clinical significance: Vitamin D can reduce the incidence and severity of periodontal disease by its various anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in addition to its traditional role in bone metabolism. Thus, maintaining adequate levels of systemic vitamin D could be critical to periodontal health. This study justifies this notion and further suggests the adjunctive role of vitamin D supplementation to improve therapeutic outcomes. How to cite this article: Wadhwa S, Saurav K, Arora SA, et al. Correlation of Serum Calcium and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with and without Periodontitis before and after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1034-1038.

Aim: Aim of this case report is to present an unfamiliar case of mandibular first molar with a C-shaped root having four canals.

Background: Root canal system (RCS) is generally very complex, and it is always important for every practitioner who perform root canal treatment to have a knowledge of unusual variations in the root anatomy and root canal configuration, such as the C-shaped configuration. The frequency of C-shaped root canals is more common in mandibular second molars but very rare in mandibular first molars.

Case description: A 28-year-old male patient presented with a history of spontaneous pain, intermittent in nature, in the right mandibular first molar region, for about 2 months. On clinical inspection, a large, carious lesion was noted distally in the mandibular first molar and was nonresponsive to percussion. A preoperative orthopantomograph (OPG) confirmed the involvement of pulp with widening of PDL space, and hence was diagnosed as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. A nonsurgical endodontic treatment was planned. During access cavity preparation, four distinct orifices were located in the pulp chamber, which was not uncommon and hence, proceeded with obturation by the cold lateral compaction method and access cavity restoration with resin composite. Though the initial preoperative OPG or clinical examination of the access cavity did not reveal any significant morphological variation, on contrary, master-cone check radiograph had a different view from the common variation of the mandibular molar. Hence, postoperative cone beam computed tomography was conducted to verify the same, which revealed a C-shaped root with four canals, a rare morphological and unfamiliar variation of the mandibular first molar.

Conclusion: An awareness and understanding of this unusual root and its root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment.

Clinical significance: Knowledge of root morphology and the configuration of the pulpal space play an important role in ensuring thorough debridement and the outcome of root canal treatment. How to cite this article: Ravi SV, Honwad S. C-shaped Root Morphology with Four Canals in Mandibular First Molar: A Rare Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1077-1080.

Aims: To determine the salivary level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in subjects with normal appearing gingiva and periodontitis, and to compare the salivary levels of G6PD in all the study groups.

Materials and methods: Unstimulated saliva (4 mL) was collected from 30 subjects; 15 periodontitis subjects and 15 control subjects. Later, saliva samples were subjected to RNA extraction via TRIzol method. The RNA was converted to complementary DNA, and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was set-up.

Results: The expression of salivary G6PD in periodontitis subjects showed a significant increase when compared with control subjects, with a p-value of 0.001 (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, the overall results show promise in future aspects of G6PD as a potential diagnostic as well as a prognostic marker. However, large-scale, multi-institutional, and large sample sized studies should be conducted to further find out the importance of G6PD in the diagnosis of periodontitis and its prognostic value.

Clinical significance: The increase of G6PD levels in periodontitis subjects shows the increased oxidative stress, and this can be used for developing new noninvasive diagnostic procedures, developing novel treatment modalities, and also in assessing prognosis of treated cases of periodontitis. How to cite this article: Chavan NV, Srinath S, Yadava ST, et al. Evaluation of Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase in Saliva of Subjects with Normal Appearing Gingiva and Periodontitis using qRT-PCR: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1060-1068.

Aim: To assess the coronal and apical microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Bioceramic putty when used as coronal and apical seals in endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 90 mandibular premolar teeth. The groups were divided into two subgroups. One group assessed the coronal seal (n = 45), and the other group assessed the apical seal (n = 45). Coronal and apical 3 mm of the root filling was removed and replaced randomly with MTA, Biodentine, and Bioceramic putty in the three experimental subgroups (n = 15). All teeth were immersed in methylene blue and after incubation, the degree of dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope of ×10 magnification. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a p-value set at 0.05.

Results: The mean depth of dye penetration for coronal sealing in the MTA group was 2.91 ± 0.66, in the Biodentine group was 2.12 ± 0.50 and in the Bioceramic putty group was 1.51 ± 0.46. The mean depth of dye penetration for root-end sealing in the MTA group was 0.75 ± 0.55, in the Biodentine group was 1.94 ± 0.88 and in the Bioceramic putty group was 0.29 ± 0.20.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Bioceramic putty exhibited better sealing ability in both coronal and apical barriers of root canals.

Clinical significance: The sealing ability of a material vastly influences the treatment outcome of nonsurgical and surgical root therapy. The study evaluates the coronal and apical seal of three physical variants of Bioceramic material. How to cite this article: Rao MH, Krishnan R, Gopal P, et al. An Ex-vivo Evaluation of Sealability of Three Bioceramic Physical Variants in Coronal and Apical Thirds of Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1022-1026.