Imaging and Clinical Features of Primary Thoracic Lymphangioma.

Background: Primary thoracic lymphangioma is a rare disease. Most of the previous studies are comprised of individual case reports, with a very limited number of patients included.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) imaging features and clinical manifestations of thoracic lymphangioma, thereby enhancing our understanding of the condition.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 patients diagnosed with thoracic lymphangioma, comprising 32 males and 30 females. The study focused on analyzing the chest CT imaging features and the clinical manifestations observed in these patients.

Results: The incidence rates of thoracic lymphangioma did not differ significantly between males and females; however, it was more frequently observed in children and adolescents. The most common clinical symptoms included cough, fever, chylothorax, chylous pericardium, and lymphedema. The mediastinum (82.3%) emerged as the most frequent location for thoracic lymphangioma, followed by the chest wall (62.9%), bone (40.3%), and pleura (32.3%). Pulmonary lymphangioma, the least prevalent subtype (19.4%), exhibited a propensity to induce respiratory symptoms, frequently manifesting as a generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA). Furthermore, elevated levels of D-dimer were detected in 34 patients (54.8%) with thoracic lymphangioma.

Conclusions: Imaging examinations play a crucial role in assisting clinicians in making more accurate early diagnoses of thoracic lymphangioma. They are also helpful for assessing the extent of systemic infiltration and enhancing diagnostic precision. With radiological assessment, clinicians could more readily select appropriate therapeutic treatments and monitor the progression of follow-up care.