Quantification of microplastic targets in environmental matrices using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry†

Microplastic pollution is a growing environmental problem. Consequently, an emerging area of research is the analysis of these micro-particles, to identify the distribution and impacts of plastic in the environment. This paper details the development and application of a pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) method for the quantification of microplastic pollution in terrestrial samples. Initial analysis of plastic standards using Py-GC-MS revealed diagnostic pyrolytic products, which were utilised alongside internal standards and linear regression to create calibrations for each studied synthetic plastic. A microplastic extraction protocol for soils and sediments was developed, namely an overnight density separation with wet peroxide digestion, and its efficacy confirmed through spiking and recovery experiments. Matrix effects were observed for PE, PS and PVC, highlighting the need to use multiple diagnostic compounds per plastic, where possible. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Py-GC-MS can be successfully applied for the determination of microplastic concentrations in terrestrial samples, with a view to establishing effective mitigation strategies.