JTF-SqueezeNet: A SqueezeNet network based on joint time-frequency data representation for egg-laying detection in individually caged ducks

Accurate individual egg-laying detection is crucial for eliminating low-yielding breeder ducks and improving production efficiency. However, existing methods are often expensive and require strict environmental conditions. This study proposes a data processing method based on wearable sensors and joint time-frequency representation (TFR), aimed at accurately identifying egg-laying in ducks. First, the sensors continuously monitor the ducks' activity and collect corresponding X-axis acceleration data. Next, a sliding window combined with Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is applied to convert the continuous data into spectrograms within consecutive windows. SqueezeNet is then used to detect spectrograms containing key features of the egg-laying process, marking these as egg-laying state windows. Finally, Kalman filtering was used to continuously predict the detected egg-laying status, allowing for the precise determination of the egg-laying period. The best detection performance was achieved by applying the 10-fold cross-validation to a dataset of 59,135 spectrograms, using a window size of 50 min and a step size of 3 min. This configuration yielded an accuracy of 95.73 % for detecting egg-laying status, with an inference time of only 2.1511 milliseconds per window. The accuracy for identifying the egg-laying period reached 92.19 %, with a precision of 93.57 % and a recall rate of 91.95 %. Additionally, we explored the scalability of the joint time-frequency representation to reduce the computational complexity of the model.